3 policies which promote positive pupil behaviour Coursework

3 policies which promote positive pupil behaviour - Coursework Example The School Standards and Framework Act 1998, Section 61 requires schools to lay down their behaviour policy in black and white. The policy elaborates on how the school promotes positive behaviour, excellent attendance and tackles absenteeism. The most effective behaviour management policies of a school are necessarily based on a deep sound understanding of the factors that drive the behaviour. Overall, a well-thought out behaviour management policy while helping mould the ethos of the school, would also help to gain students’and parents’ confidence in the school. Three approaches in the policy that could potentially promote positive pupil behaviour are: (1) Laying down a code of conduct for pupils clearly specifying what behaviour the school expects. This will clearly enunciate what behaviour the school expects from the pupils. The rules could spell out demands such as polite and tolerant behaviour from all members of the school community, cooperation and consideration for others, honesty, respect for the rights and property of others, a positive attitude towards work, development of friendliness and trusting relatioships. The rules should also spell out what behaviour does not conform with the expectations of the school. For example, lack of punctuality, playing truant, refusal to work, causing malicious damage to peers’ and school’s property, stealing, lying, bullying, verbal or physical abuse, use or introduction of banned substances, use or introduction of dangerous implements including knives and so on. (2) Rewards and sanctions as strategies to encourage good behaviour. A positive approach to managing behaviour invariably has rewarding good behaviour as its focus. The rewards could consist of a gesture (such as smile) of approval, private or public verbal praise, award of stars or ‘smileys’, written comments on work, being assigned a special responsibility, credits and certificates/ commendations/prizes, house poin ts etc. When students flout the ‘good behaviour’ rules despite appropriate help, sanctions become necessary. Sanctions could range from a look of disapproval, to reprimand, counselling, move to another seat, loss of recreational time, setting additional work, interviews with parents etc., and, finally, permanent exclusion. (3) Classroom organization for successful implementation of the policy. To ensure that the expectations of good behaviour as set out in the school policy are met, it is necessary to display in the classroom a limited number (preferably 5) of important rules of good behaviour as is appropriate to the age group of the class. Teachers should take the responsibility of explaining the rules to the students. Also, when a student breaks a rule, the teacher should work with the students and make them understand what rule was broken and why, how to fix the damage done, and how a repetition of the same can be prevented. #13. Identify ten strategies which you un derstand would support appropriate class room behaviour. 1. Limit the set of rules to a minimum. This will make it easier for the pupils to remember and follow. 2. Be proactive. Some advance planning and preparation can prevent disruption of work. 3. Work within a clear framework of clear instructions. However, there should be flexibility e.g., to postpone the activity if the students are tired. 4. Set specific goals for lessons as well as behaviour. There should be scope for negotiations with the pupils about both. 5. Be positive. Keep smiling and maintain good humour, and encourage the pupils to work towards meeting the set goals through rewards. 6. Be realistic about pupils’ behaviour. Pupils can be noisy and inquisitive. Proper seating arrangements can minimise noise and other disruptions. 7. Be alert to signs of

Main Forces Driving the Market of Gas Essay Example for Free

Main Forces Driving the Market of Gas Essay In this assignment, I am required to write an analysis of the main forces driving the market for any specific product of my choice. For me to successfully complete this task, I have to first pick a product, one that I am interested in, discuss the long term forces driving demand and supply, discuss the position of the main substitute products and producers, look at past data and explain what has occurred to change the price and finally will the producer be profitable in the future?I have chosen Natural Gas. Natural gas is a vital component of the worlds supply of energy. It is one of the cleanest, safest, and most useful of all energy sources. Despite its importance, however, there are many misconceptions about natural gas. For instance, the word gas itself has a variety of different uses, and meanings. When we fuel our car, we put gas in it. However, the gasoline that goes into your vehicle, while a fossil fuel itself, is very different from natural gas. The gas in the common barbecue is actually propane, which, while closely associated and commonly found in natural gas, is not really natural gas itself. While commonly grouped in with other fossil fuels and sources of energy, there are many characteristics of natural gas that make it unique. Long-Term forces driving Supply Demand Demand for natural gas has traditionally been high. Demand for natural gas depends on the time of year, and changes from season to season. In the past, demand for natural gas has been relatively straightforward: demand was highest during the coldest months of winter and lowest during the warmest months of summer. The main driver for this natural gas demand is the need for residential and commercial heating. This has resulted in demand for natural gas spiking in January and February, and dipping during the months of July and August. While requirements for natural gas heating decrease during the summer months, demand for space cooling increases during this warmer season. Electricity provides the primary source of energy for residential and commercial cooling requirements, leading to an increase in demand for electricity. Because natural gas is used to generate a large portion of electricity, increased electrical demand often means increased natural gas demand. This results in a smaller spike in natural gas demand during the warmest months of the year. Thus, natural gas demand experiences its most pronounced increase in the coldest months, but as the use of natural gas for the generation of electricity increases, the magnitude of the smaller summer peak in demand for natural gas is expected to become more pronounced. In general, there are two primary drivers that determine the demand for natural gas in the short term. These include: †¢Weather as mentioned, natural gas demand typically peaks during the coldest months and tapers off during the warmest months, with a slight increase during the summer to meet the demands of electric generators. The weather during any particular season can affect this cyclical demand for natural gas. The colder the weather during the winter, the more pronounced will be the winter peak. Conversely, a warm winter may result in a less noticeable winter peak. An extremely hot winter can result in even greater cooling demands, which in turn can result in increased summer demand for natural gas. †¢Fuel Switching supply and demand in the marketplace determine the short term price for natural gas. However, this can work in reverse as well. The price of natural gas can, for certain consumers, affect its demand. This is particularly true for those consumers who have the capacity to switch the fuel upon which they rely. While most residential and commercial customers rely solely on natural gas to meet many of their energy requirements, some industrial and electric generation consumers have the capacity to switch between fuels. For instance, during a period of extremely high natural gas prices, many electric generators may switch from using natural gas to using cheaper coal, thus decreasing the demand for natural gas. Changes in Technology Technological innovation has equipped the industry with the equipment and practices necessary to continually increase the production of natural gas to meet rising demand. These technologies serve to make the exploration and production of natural gas more efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly. According to a Department of Energy Report, â€Å"Environmental Benefits of Advanced Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Technology,† released in 1999 and still one of the most in-depth analyses available as of 2012: †¢22,000 fewer wells are needed on an annual basis to develop the same amount of oil and gas reserves as were developed in 1985. †¢Had technology remained constant since 1985, it would take two wells to produce the same amount of oil and natural gas as one 1985 well. However, advances in technology mean that one well today can produce two times as much as a single 1985 well. †¢Drilling wastes have decreased by as much as 148 million barrels due to increased well productivity and fewer wells. †¢The drilling footprint of well pads has decreased by as much as 70% due to advanced drilling technology, which is extremely useful for drilling in sensitive areas. †¢By using modular drilling rigs and slimehole drilling, the size and weight of drilling rigs can be reduced by up to 75% over traditional drilling rigs, reducing their surface impact. †¢Had technology, and thus drilling footprints, remained at 1985 levels, todays drilling footprints would take up an additional 17,000 acres of land. †¢New exploration techniques and vibrational sources mean less reliance on explosives, reducing the impact of exploration on the environment. Market structure The structure of the natural gas industry has changed dramatically since the mid-1980’s. In the past, the structure of the natural gas industry was simple, with limited flexibility and few options for natural gas delivery. Exploration and production companies explored and drilled for natural gas, selling their product at the wellhead to large transportation pipelines. These pipelines transported the natural gas, selling it to local distribution utilities, which in turn distributed and sold that gas to its customers. The prices for which producers could sell natural gas to transportation pipelines was federally regulated, as was the price at which pipelines could sell to local distribution companies. Competitors Change of price Prices of natural gas vary throughout Europe. One of the main objectives of the projected single EU energy market is a common pricing structure for gas products. Europes main natural gas supplier is Russia. Since the major pipelines pass through Ukraine there is an ever arising dispute on the supply and transition prices between Ukraine and Russia. During the negotiations in 2008 Ukraine proposed that the price of natural gas for Ukraine should increase by $21.5 to $201 per 1,000 cubic meters, and the transit fee by $0.3 to $2 per 1,000 cubic meters pumped 100 kilometres (62 mi). Gazprom proposed that Naftohaz should buy its natural gas at $250 per 1,000 cubic meters starting from 2009. Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin said that the $250 per 1000 cubic meters price was a humanitarian gesture to Ukraine considering that Russia buys gas from Central Asia for $340 and that the European price level is $500 per 1000 cubic meters. Later, Naftohaz said it was ready to pay $235. Negotiations between Gazprom and Naftohaz were interrupted on 31 December 2008. While Gazprom claimed that Naftohaz would not negotiate, Ukraine said that the negotiations were interrupted at Gazproms initiative. Three Future Trends in Natural Gas Prices Prices will rise due to three major trends, causing a demand increase to meet this oversupply†¦ †¢Trend #1: Utility Customers Lining Up While the natural gas producers are bemoaning the lower prices, electric utilities are lining up to buy. Nearly every new plant to come online in 2010 and 2011 uses natural gas as its primary source of fuel. Historically, the only power plants that used natural gas as a fuel were peaking plants. Those are generators that utilities turn on only during peak times of energy use. Theyre expensive to run, and utilities pay top dollar for the natural gas they use. More recently, utilities are converting old, dirty coal-fired power plants to run on much cleaner burning natural gas. These are big, base load power plants, online all the time. That allows utilities to negotiate long-term lower priced contracts for the gas they burn. †¢Trend #2: The Growing Aversion to Nuclear Power Ever since Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, nuclear power has been on the back burner in the United States. The newest (and only) plant under construction by Southern Company doesnt have an operating license yet, and probably wont go online for at least a decade. After the Fukushima disaster in Japan, plans for new nuclear power plants were either shelved or delayed all over the world. While Japan rebuilds, its relying heavily on natural gas and other fossil fuels. Meanwhile, countries around the world are reassessing nuclear power plant safety. Germany announced its getting completely out of nuclear by 2022. And New York Governor Cuomo is adamant about shutting down the Indian Point nuclear plant, just north of New York City. All this generation capacity will have to be replaced by other sources, and natural gas is the fuel of choice. †¢Trend #3: The LNG Shortage Nearly every gas import terminal in the country (there are nine of them) applied for permits to install natural gas liquefaction plants. The reason? The demand for natural gas is booming just about everywhere else in the world. Qatar, the worlds largest exporter of natural gas, will soon hit its full annual export capacity of 77 million tons, in the face of global demand that can absorb nearly as much as the world can produce. In the wake of the multiple disasters in Japan, its importing an additional four million tons over the next year from Qatar. Its in negotiations to purchase even more. Future prospects of natural gas According to current projections we have a maximum of 50 years’ worth of petroleum reserves left. That means that in the next five decades our lives may change dramatically. We will no longer have one of the most important resources responsible for the industrialization and modernization of our global society. We have relied on it to run our ships and airplanes, heat our homes, fuel our cars, carpet our floors, clothe our bodies, brush our teeth, and wax our surfboards. In short, thousands of industrial, domestic, and recreational petroleum applications may not be possible in the coming century. Now that we are dependent on this finite resource in every realm of life, we may soon have to relinquish it. Clean energy from renewable sources like the wind, sun and ocean waves, while promising, are likely to take several years before they reach a critical mass. An alternative for investors to consider is natural gas. Yes, natural gas is a fossil fuel, but it does offer the advantage of having a cleaner reputation than oil. Will natural gas be profitable? Yes. There are many factors in which shows that Natural Gas is a profitable product, for example, it is an ever-growing product, one that is hardly used. One might say the transporting of Natural Gas is very expensive. The best way to improve the problem of natural gas oversupply is to increase its export. The most economical way to export natural gas is to liquefy it; this type of natural gas is called LNG. In its liquid state natural gas takes up 1/600 of its normal volume, making it ideal for export. In conclusion, I have successfully analysed the main forces driving the market for any specific product of my choice, which I chose Natural Gas.

Plot Overview of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller :: Death of a Salesman Arthur Miller Essays

Plot Overview of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller As a flute melody plays, Willy Loman returns to his home in Brooklyn one night, exhausted from a failed sales trip. His wife, Linda, tries to persuade him to ask his boss, Howard Wagner, to let him work in New York so that he won't have to travel. Willy says that he will talk to Howard the next day. Willy complains that Biff, his older son who has come back home to visit, has yet to make something of himself. Linda scolds Willy for being so critical, and Willy goes to the kitchen for a snack. As Willy talks to himself in the kitchen, Biff and his younger brother, Happy, who is also visiting, reminisce about their adolescence and discuss their father's babbling, which often includes criticism of Biff's failure to live up to Willy's expectations. As Biff and Happy, dissatisfied with their lives, fantasize about buying a ranch out West, Willy becomes immersed in a daydream. He praises his sons, now younger, who are washing his car. The young Biff, a high school football star, and the young Happy appear. They interact affectionately with their father, who has just returned from a business trip. Willy confides in Biff and Happy that he is going to open his own business one day, bigger than that owned by his neighbor, Charley. Charley's son, Bernard, enters looking for Biff, who must study for math class in order to avoid failing. Willy points out to his sons that although Bernard is smart, he is not "well liked," which will hurt him in the long run. A younger Linda enters, and the boys leave to do some chores. Willy boasts of a phenomenally successful sales trip, but Linda coaxes him into revealing that his trip was actually only meagerly successful. Willy complains that he soon won't be able to make all of the payments on their appliances and car. He complains that people don't like him and that he's not good at his job. As Linda consoles him, he hears the laughter of his mistress. He approaches The Woman, who is still laughing, and engages in another reminiscent daydream. Willy and The Woman flirt, and she thanks him for giving him stockings. The Woman disappears, and Willy fades back into his prior daydream, in the kitchen. Linda, now mending stockings, reassures him. He scolds her mending and orders her to throw the stockings out.

What is reality?

There is a number of views on reality, which can be generally divided into two categories: idealism and realism; the former the co-presence of consciousness and object a source of interdependence between existence and consciousness, whereas the latter questions the very interdependence. In fact both the findings of psychological research and the very existence of existence (the justified tautology) demonstrate that reality is basically independent upon human consciousness unless the unity of apperception in phenomenological meaning is developed. The basic ontological premise of idealism is the following: human-being thinks, therefore they exist, as a result, they construct reality within their consciousness. Therefore, logos is the foundation of reality and thus fabricates the internal human existence on the basis of specific information, received by consciousness-driven senses; in this sense, consciousness and the presence of the object are simultaneous, therefore, if the person is not aware of the fact that there is a stone behind their back, the stone actually does not exist. Realists, in turn, ground their argument on the premise that individuals are not merely conscious (as a fact0, but also conscious of something ( as a process), so the reality definitely existed before the interaction between human cognitive apparatus and the concrete object takes places. Hence the realist account of the above mentioned relationship can be formulated as â€Å"Human-being exists and therefore has objective physical substrates for thinking, so consciousness is shaped by reality†. As one knows the 20th century neuropsychological research suggests that intelligence is a faculty that relates to certain brain structures, so the process of thinking refers to the construction of new links between neurons on the basis of the information deriving from sensory input. The fallacy of idealism with inherent subjectivism can be illustrated using the situation of John Kennedy’s murder. A crowd of people observing the ceremonial arrival of the Kennedies suddenly see the President falling and dying of the wounds, definitely caused by firearm. Given that people actually do not see the murderer, they should believe firearm injuries appear by themselves, as they are not able to notice either the bullet or the assassin. Nevertheless, nobody of them ever faced such cases, so there are certain common traits in each person’s experiences, which are subsequently objectified. In addition, individuals have similar structure of senses and algorithm of sense perception, as they see the same picture and basically interpret it in the same way as the public assassination. If the consciousness was the foundation of existence, there should be striking differences between the internal realities, crafted by each individual observer. In this sense, it would be also useful to remember Kant’s transcendental idealism whose intrinsic goal is the explanation of the transition from consciousness to the highest form of thinking about one’s existence. In fact, the scholar positions transcendence as Quaestio Juris (Heidegger, 1997), or the basic human entitlement that results from the inherent responsiveness to the perception of objects. In this sense, the author actually objectifies the subjective, positions human characteristic into the objective context of social norms and rights. Therefore, the pure subjectivism, suggested by idealism, can not exist without the so-called â€Å"common ground†, or acceptance of objective rules, when speaking in phenomenological terms. In this sense, Heidegger wisely notes that unity of apperception, or existence of superstructural and universal patterns of perception and its further processing in each individual. In fact, the unity of apperception is directed towards meeting human needs for influencing the objective reality and making it dependent upon their consciousness. For this purpose, individuals refer to the pre-existing models and frameworks in order to establish a logical connection between the past and the present and planning their intervention into the reality in the future. Unless these patterns are created and adopted by common consent, there is a single-sided influence of reality upon human consciousness rather than mutual dependence.

The History Of Why Photovoltaics Environmental Sciences Essay

Energy security is one of the major challenges confronting world in the twenty-first century. It has been cited that about 20 % of the planetary population do non hold entree to electricity [ 1 ] . In add-on, it is predicted that the planetary ingestion of electricity will increase by about 50 % by 2035 [ 2 ] . For a sustainable hereafter, fulfilling the demand for energy should be accompanied with the decrease of CO2 emanations [ 3 ] by energy systems. Consequently, this brings about concerns in sing fossil fuels based systems as an option for fulfilling the turning energy demand. Renewable energy beginnings have been considered as being the solution for this uprising energy demand. Of recent, these systems have gained a batch of popularity and the energy coevals from renewables have been predicted to duplicate from 2010 to 2035 [ 2 ] . Harmonizing to some anticipations, renewables have the potency of catering for about one tierce of entire planetary electricity coevals by 2035 [ 1 ] . Photovoltaics ( PV ) is a rapid-growing market in the field of renewable energy, and this tendency is expected to go on in the close hereafter [ 4 ] [ 5 ] . Solar Energy is the most abundant and most every bit distributed renewable energy beginning worldwide. As such, PV can be considered as a major and the most promising renewable energy beginning. The advantages of PV over the conventional energy beginnings are listed below: PV systems are environmentally friendly ( C emanation free ) Solar energy has, by far, the highest natural and proficient potencies even for today ‘s engineering PV warrants long-run, care free, quiet and dependable year-round operation It can be operated as a grid connected system [ 6 ] or as an off grid system, supplying electricity even in stray parts [ 5 ] [ 7 ] Of class, these systems are accompanied with a few reverses. Main disadvantages of the PV are listed below: Large country demand Electricity coevals is limited to daytime ( it can non run at dark ) The cost of electricity generated from a PV system is still non comparable with fossil fuels, which indicates a trust on strong governmental policies [ 8 ] PV systems are classified into three depending on the photoactive stuff used and the degree of commercial adulthood: first-generation solar cells ( Crystalline Silicon ( c-Si ) ) , second-generation solar cells ( Thin Film Solar Cells ( TFSC ) ) and 3rd coevals solar cells ( Concentrating PV ( CPV ) , organic PV and fresh constructs ) . In general, an overpowering per centum of solar cells are fabricated from Si. First coevals solar cells dominate the current PV market with a portion of over 80 % of the entire PV market [ 5 ] [ 9 ] . However, 2nd coevals solar cells ( TFSC ) promise the highest possible for low cost fabrication and dependable energy beginning [ 5 ] [ 10 ] . Besides that, c-Si deficit which begun in 2005 and lasted through 2008 forced the industry to look for options, therefore the market for Thin Film PV begun to turn quickly [ 9 ] . Advantages of TFSC over wafer based solar cells are listed below: As the thickness of the semiconducting material bed is much dilutant in TFSC compared to wafer based solar cells, the recombination losingss are much less The fabrication cost of TFSC is well lower than that of wafer based solar cells [ 10 ] TFSC provides us with wider choice of stuffs compared to wafer based solar cells [ 10 ] , therefore bespeaking flexibleness of TFSC compared to c-Si solar cells However, surveies indicate that even with all these advantages the laterality of the c-Si solar cells will still stay for the coming 10 to 20 old ages unless a sudden addition in TFSC efficiencies is achieved in the close hereafter [ 9 ] , [ 11 ] . Undoubtedly, low efficiencies along with debasement over clip ( decrease in power end product ) are considered as the most influential drawbacks in the development of TFSC [ 5 ] , [ 10 ] . Surveies have shown that the levelized cost of the electricity ( LCOE ) generated by PV systems are extremely dependent on PV faculty efficiency [ 12 ] , therefore increasing the efficiency of PV systems has become an active country of research. Amorphous Si ( a-Si ) is one of the widely used stuffs in TFSC [ 9 ] , [ 13 ] . However, a-Si solar cells suffer from low efficiencies [ 14 ] which can be attributed to its set spread non being close to the optimal value ( around 1.4 electron volt ) . Besides, the thickness of the photoactive stuff in TFPV is normally really low which has a effect of take downing its light soaking up capablenesss. Extensive work on PV cells has besides been carried out over the old ages with a focal point on new stuffs and cell constellations [ 15-17 ] . Driving efficiencies up and/or cut downing cost, by technology stuffs for optimal belongingss and constellations have been the chief purpose of such researches ( ref ) . For illustration, a well-known agencie s of bettering the efficiency of a-Si TFSC is to replace a-Si with a semiconducting material like Gallium arsenide ( GaAs ) or Indium phosphide ( InP ) that has a close optimal bandgap [ 13 ] , [ 14 ] , [ 15 ] . Another attack is to implement a multi-junction solar cell [ 13 ] , [ 14 ] , [ 18 ] . However, besides those options, it is besides possible to better efficiency by heightening the light pin downing possible inside the cell [ 19-23 ] . The latter option is the chief focal point for this research. [ 1 ] IEA, â€Å" World Energy Outlook 2012, † 2012. [ 2 ] EIA, â€Å" Annual Energy Outlook 2012, † 2012. [ 3 ] G. Doucet, â€Å" Deciding the Futureaˆ? : Energy Policy Scenarios to 2050, † 2007. [ 4 ] IEA PVPS, â€Å" Trends in photovoltaic applications, † Survey study of selected IEA states between 1992 and 2011, 2012. [ 5 ] IRENA, â€Å" Solar Photovoltaics, † Renewable Energy Technologies: Cost Analysis Series, vol. 1, no. 4, 2012. [ 6 ] M. a. Eltawil and Z. Zhao, â€Å" Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: Technical and possible problems-A reappraisal, † Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 112-129, Jan. 2010. [ 7 ] W. Hoffmann, â€Å" PV solar electricity industry: Market growing and position, † Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 90, no. 18-19, pp. 3285-3311, Nov. 2006. [ 8 ] N. Johnstone, I. Hascic, and D. Popp, â€Å" Renewable energy policies and technological invention: Evidence based on patent counts, † Environmental and Resource Economics, 2008. [ 9 ] A. Jager-Waldau, â€Å" Thin Film Photovoltaics: Markets and Industry, † International Journal of Photoenergy, vol. 2012, no. two, pp. 1-6, 2012. [ 10 ] S. Hegedus, â€Å" Thin movie solar faculties: the low cost, high throughput and various option to Si wafers, † aˆÂ ¦ in photovoltaics: research and applications, pp. 393-411, 2006. [ 11 ] R. Swanson, â€Å" A vision for crystalline Si photovoltaics, † aˆÂ ¦ in photovoltaics: Research and Applications, pp. 443-453, 2006. [ 12 ] X. Wang, L. Kurdgelashvili, J. Byrne, and A. Barnett, â€Å" The value of faculty efficiency in take downing the levelized cost of energy of photovoltaic systems, † Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 9, pp. 4248-4254, Dec. 2011. [ 13 ] R. W. Miles, â€Å" Photovoltaic solar cells: Choice of stuffs and production methods, † Vacuum, vol. 80, no. 10, pp. 1090-1097, Aug. 2006. [ 14 ] M. A. Green, K. Emery, Y. Hishikawa, W. Warta, and E. D. Dunlop, â€Å" Solar cell efficiency tabular arraies ( version 40 ) , † no. version 40, pp. 606-614, 2012. [ 15 ] J. Peet, J. Y. Kim, N. E. Coates, W. L. Ma, D. Moses, a J. Heeger, and G. C. Bazan, â€Å" Efficiency sweetening in low-bandgap polymer solar cells by treating with methane series dithiols. , † Nature stuffs, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 497-500, Jul. 2007. [ 16 ] F. Report, â€Å" Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cell Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cell Final Report, † no. August, 2003. [ 17 ] I. Gur, N. A. Fromer, M. L. Geier, and A. P. Alivisatos, â€Å" from Solution, † vol. 310, no. October, pp. 462-465, 2005. [ 18 ] M. Bosi and C. Pelosi, â€Å" The Potential of III-V Semiconductors as Terrestrial Photovoltaic Devices, † no. June 2006, pp. 51-68, 2007. [ 19 ] D. Zhou and R. Biswas, â€Å" Photonic crystal enhanced light-trapping in thin movie solar cells, † Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 103, no. 9, p. 093102, 2008. [ 20 ] J.-Y. Chen, â€Å" Improvement of photovoltaic efficiency utilizing 3D photonic-crystal enhanced light caparison and soaking up, † Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 43-48, Oct. 2011. [ 21 ] M. Wellenzohn and R. Hainberger, â€Å" Light caparison by backside diffraction grates in Si solar cells revisited, † vol. 20, no. January, pp. 2208-2212, 2012. [ 22 ] S. B. Mallick, M. Agrawal, and P. Peumans, â€Å" Optimum visible radiation pin downing in ultra-thin photonic crystal crystalline Si solar cells, † vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 300-305, 2010. [ 23 ] X. Sheng, J. Liu, I. Kozinsky, A. M. Agarwal, J. Michel, and L. C. Kimerling, â€Å" Efficient light pin downing construction in thin movie Si solar cells, † 2010 35th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, pp. 001575-001576, Jun. 2010.

Innovations in Healthcare Service Delivery

Innovations in Healthcare Service Delivery In medical context, innovation refers to the development of new services, technologies, and ways of working within the healthcare settings (Edwards Grinspun, 2011). Over the last century, the expansion of service sectors has been attributed to the increase in the adoption of innovations and technologies. From the early 1980s, the adoption of innovation in hospitals has resulted in numerous healthcare benefits.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Innovations in Healthcare Service Delivery specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In most hospitals, innovation in healthcare has reduced costs, enhanced development of new ideas, and provided employees with outstanding career advancement opportunities through continuous training. Equally, through the adoption of innovative technologies most hospitals can now collect and evaluate accurate data (Edwards Grinspun, 2011). In general, innovation in healthcare service delivery is essent ial in improving the value of care services and reducing the ever-increasing cost of treatments. Despite its effectiveness, health organizations experience numerous challenges in adopting and diffusing innovations into their healthcare systems. This paper focuses on trends of innovations, nature, and challenges of innovations in healthcare delivery services. Innovative ideas in healthcare delivery service are achieved through the efforts of creative individuals. Healthcare systems are complicated and integrated necessitating skilled personnel (Edwards Grinspun, 2011). This implies that the minds of individuals working in the healthcare service have to adapt to the complex systems. Psychologists suggest that most healthcare experts have higher chances to be innovative due to continuous rearrangement of their thoughts to meet the new developments. Benefits of innovations in healthcare systems One needs to evaluate how the adoptions of innovations have affected the delivery of service s across our healthcare institutions to understand the benefits of innovation in healthcare (Griffith, 1999). As such, innovations have changed the way treatments and healthcare delivery services are administered in our hospitals. For instance, with the invention of stents the treatment of clogged heart arteries has improved significantly. Unlike in the past when treatment relied on surgery, treatment of clogged heart arteries can now be administered using invasive radiology procedures (Bali, 2006).Advertising Looking for article on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarly, innovations in health information technology have improved on the efficiency, storage, cost, and transmission of medical data (Griffith, 1999). Because of these, activities relying on health information technologies have been greatly enhanced. In addition, improvements in the health information technologies have enhanced healthc are management. For this reason, hospitals have been able to provide better care services through the adoption of better health care practices. These benefits are evidenced from the gains realized through the adoption of telemedicine. With the adoption of telemedicine, physicians can work as a team. By being connected together via a common network and technology, physicians’ roles have been demarcated leading to better provision of care services. Several stakeholders are experimenting with innovative methods to improve on the value, cost, and effectiveness of health care services. Among these stakeholders are hospitals, physicians, insurers, and government research institutions. With these initiatives, new delivery systems will be developed. Through these, health care service providers will be encouraged to manage patient care. Similarly, rigorous tests are ongoing to determine how caregivers can lessen undesirable events and errors. The US health care system can significantl y reduce on the cost of medical care far faster than the current efforts put in place to control the medical practice through innovation (Boslaugh McNutt, 2008). In health care service, unlike other industries, innovation has received little attention. More often, innovation in health care has been viewed with suspicion, and in some extreme cases restricted by the providers. Notably, in healthcare the adoption and use of new technologies without appropriate evidence to support on the technologies is viewed as a problem rather than a solution (Faltin, 2012). Similarly, as compared to other sectors, innovation in medicine is not fully supported. In the US, it is estimated that investments in healthcare innovations, over the last two decades, in the areas of heart attack and stroke have returned $2.40 to $3.00 for every dollar invested (Faltin, 2012). As compared to other sectors, the returns in medicine are significantly lower.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Innovations in Healthcare Service Delivery specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other sectors, advances in technologies have reduced production costs and improved on the quality of service and goods. On the contrary, advances in healthcare technologies have always been viewed as driving up costs because medical advances increase capabilities. Nature of innovation Innovations in healthcare services take many forms including advances in technology and equipment. However, the greatest opportunities lie in the new types of strategies, organizational structures, facilities and processes and partnerships. Some innovations are easy to adopt due to their ability to yield better quality and lower cost right from the start. For instance, new antibiotics can greatly reduce nursing costs allowing patients to be discharged from the hospital quickly. Similarly, new invasive surgeries have significantly reduced costs and recovery time. On the contrary, other innovations in healthcare service delivery have increased costs while increasing on the quality of service provided. For instance, physicians assert that thrombolytic drugs administered after an attack increases drug costs but lower the rate of hospitalization. Spurring Innovation in healthcare service delivery Stakeholders should develop a culture of innovation, focus on the culture, provide high quality data, provide incentives, and let physicians guide innovation to enhance the use of innovation in the hospitals (Boslaugh McNutt, 2008). Hospitals must advocate for innovation starting from their top positions. To achieve this, hospital leaders must adopt appropriate and effective structures to encourage innovation among their staff members. Similarly, hospitals should recruit additional clinical leaders to achieve this objective. These leaders should be provided with suitable training, for them to manage their fellow physicians and ensure that suitable leadership styles are implemented (Nicholson, 1999). According to medical experts, healthcare service leaders should be paired as much as possible. For instance, an administrative leader could be paired to work with a physician leader.Advertising Looking for article on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Through this, dual leadership model will be realized to supervise longitudinal service lines. In the same way, hospitals can appoint chief innovation officers to supervise clinical and non-clinical tasks. By doing so, a hospital will in a position to prompt and integrate innovation. Although hospitals can spur innovation through innovative leadership, they should also ensure that they develop a favorable environment for innovation to thrive (Nicholson, 1999). It is a fact that most people resist change, so every organization should strive to create an environment that promotes change. Contrary to the past healthcare service cultures where doctors and other physician were allowed to work under minimum supervision, the developed environment should allow physicians to uphold the culture of transparency. Even though most hospitals have reported that it is challenging to achieve a culture of transparency, healthcare stakeholders should always advocate for transparent workforces. Accordin g to Dr. Fickenscher, hospitals should resort to the use of financial incentives to encourage their physicians to offer value care and services (Mlitwa, 2011). If the use of financial incentives is appropriately applied, within the healthcare service delivery will eventually be triggered leading to reduction in costs and improvements in the quality of services. Therefore, physician leaders are urged to use incentives to alter the organizational environment. According to medical experts, innovations are triggered through rewards. Psychologists assert that through incentives people can be encouraged to think, hence come up with solutions to complex challenges in their daily tasks (Mlitwa, 2011). In this essence, hospitals and other medical stakeholders should come up with appropriate compensation methods. For instance, innovative physicians can be rewarded through bonuses and job promotions. Another approach hospitals use to spur innovation is through the provision of high quality dat a (Melnyk Overholt, 2005). After changing the personnel structure, the hospital should supply their personnel with appropriate information on how to change and on the need for change. Failure to provide this information may jeopardize the hospital initiative of stimulating and integrating innovation. To achieve this target, hospitals must provide their physicians with accurate information. Similarly, hospital administrators should be cautious to ensure that the provided data are understandable (Melnyk Overholt, 2005). In most hospitals, the accuracy of their data is a major medical challenge. Therefore, hospitals should adopt suitable measures to ensure the accuracy of their data. Medical experts assert that with inaccurate data, physicians cannot only come up with appropriate clinical decisions, but also deter their innovations. Since the validity of data is a challenge to most healthcare systems, hospitals are encouraged to invest in analytic cultures. Through analytic cultures, physician leaders will advocate for accurate data-driven initiatives (Bali, 2006). Conclusion In conclusion, hospitals should let their practitioners guide innovation in their organizations (Lim, 2011). To achieve this aim, hospital administrators should create a favorable environment, encourage innovative culture, and work with physicians to ensure that innovations are triggered. Similarly, in the quest to enhance innovation, hospitals should ensure that their physician leaders are well trained to identify changes needed to generate value from the resources spent. If innovations are fully adopted in hospitals, patients will be able to interact with their physicians via telemedicine facilities (Edwards Grinspun, 2011). Through this, patients will be able to take photographs detailing their medical conditions and send them to their doctors for evaluation. Improvements in data analysis systems will enhance cost effective health care services. Though the new practices in healthcare h ave proved to be effective in improving care and reducing errors in hospitals, some hospitals and physicians have been slow in adopting them (Lim, 2011). In this regard, the government should step in and be part of the solution. The government has to advocate for innovations in healthcare. By doing so, the government should work with healthcare stakeholders to identify, replicate, and adopt effective innovations across the country (Edwards Grinspun, 2011). As the innovators struggle to come up with appropriate ways of improving healthcare services, consumers should also try to be innovative and identify resources within their reach, which can help them maintain healthier lifestyles (Lazakidou, 2012). This implies that the society should invest more on building sidewalks, sporting facilities and encourage schools to adopt physical exercises for their children. References Bali, R. K. (2006). Healthcare knowledge management: issues, advances and successes. New York: Springer. Boslaugh , S., McNutt, L. (2008). Encyclopedia of epidemiology. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. Edwards, N., Grinspun, D. (2011). Understanding whole systems change in healthcare the case of emerging evidence-informed nursing service delivery models. Ottawa, Ont.: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. Faltin, F. W. (2012). Statistical methods in healthcare. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley. Griffith, J. R. (1999). The well-managed healthcare organization (4th ed.). Chicago, Ill.: Health Administration Press. Lazakidou, A. (2012). Quality assurance in healthcare service delivery, nursing and personalized medicine technologies and processes. Hershey, PA: Medical Information Science Reference. Lim, T. (2011). Nanosensors: heory and applications in industry healthcare defense. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Melnyk, B. M., Overholt, E. (2005). Evidence-based practice in nursing healthcare: a guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Mlitwa, N. (2011). IT/ICT re search and innovations: a transdisciplinary approach. Cape Town : Tvk Ennovations. Nicholson, L. (1999). The Internet and healthcare (2nd ed.). Chicago, Ill.: Health Administration Press.

Procedural Message - Draft Version Example

Procedural Message Procedural Message Procedural Message - Draft Version Dear Staff, Acceptable Use of E-mail and Text Messaging E-mail and text messaging are a significant communication tools within our business organization, but some of the staff do not use these facilities as our policies necessitate. With regard to the use of e-mail and text messaging, we wish to remind you of our policies, which require all staff to refrain from using their staff e-mail for personal use or sending messages that contain harassing language. Most important, we wish to remind all staff that all e-mail sent using the company’s facilities are monitored and the informatics committee is expecting staff to comply with the set policies. Viruses and other malicious code can damage computer facilities within the organization. Our organization has taken steps to ensure all facilities are free from viruses. However, staff should not use their e-mails for personal use, unless for the limited personal use allowed as this could introduce viru ses into our network. Instead, staff should Not open attachment from sources they do not trustContact the IT department when a virus is detectedAvoid sending executable programs as attachments on e-mails.While the organization has made efforts to secure our network, employees should avoid using e-mail or text messaging in a manner that compromise the privacy of other e-mail users. Employees should prevent a breach of privacy by ensuring that they Work on the basis that security software can check personal data attached to e-mailsObserve confidentiality during communication with e-mail or text messages.Refrain from sending personal identifying information.Lastly, employees should note that our organization has the ability and the legal mandate to monitor message sent via e-mail or text messages. Employees who use e-mail or text messaging facilities consent to monitoring this organization consider essential. The monitoring will evaluate how employeesAdhere to the appropriate use of pe rsonal emails at the workplaceRefrain from sending messages with harassing language Use email to pass attachments with executable filesIf the organization find some employees to have violated these policies, the staff will be liable for disciplinary action, but one may risk dismissal in a severe case. Copies of harassing messages may also be used in court of law as evidence against a staff who breaches the privacy of other users.For additional guidance on how to interpret these policies, all staff should write to the director of informatics or visit him in his office. Kind Regards, Abraham Chairman- Informatics Committee

Hungover vs. Hung Over

Hungover vs. Hung Over Hungover vs. Hung Over Hungover vs. Hung Over By Maeve Maddox A reader feels that the adjective to describe the state of experiencing the effects of too much alcohol should be an open compound: I would be really grateful if you would address whether or not the compound noun hangover retains its closed form when used as an adjective (she was hungover). I feel irked when it does, and that it should become open (she was hung over) but because I cant define hung or over in the context of suffering from the after-effects of alcohol, I havent been able to force my case. A tedious (if not particularly scientific) inquiry has led me to conclude that its every man for himself when it comes to choosing between hung over and hungover. The adjective is hyphenated as hung-over in the OED. Merriam-Webster prefers the closed compound hungover, but allows hung over as an alternative. The Oxford Australian dictionary gives hung-over, and the Oxford Canadian dictionary gives hungover. The spelling and grammar feature in Microsoft Word recommends either hung-over or hung over. Searching for the terms was hungover and was hung over, I found that the open compound seems to be more common than the closed. Corpus of American English was hung over twice as common as was hungover Google Search was hungover about 128,000 hits was hung over about 138,000 hits Ngram Viewer was hung over on the graph from 1800-2000. was hungover first appears in 1928, begins to rise in the 1960s, but remains much less common than was hung over. Here are some examples from around the English-speaking world: Australia Hung-over Beale was OConnors booze buddy- Brisbane Times Tony Abbott accused of being hungover- Brisbane Times Canada At least Rob was drunk, high or hung over much of the time.- The Star (Toronto). The hungover prime minister of Canada and his stumblebum cabinet members dont know- Ifpress (Ontario) UK A new survey by Macmillan Cancer Support suggests that Britons spend 315 days- nearly a year of their lives- hungover.- The Guardian. Welcome to the glamorous world of James McAvoy, extremely hungover movie star.- London Times. Pilot jailed after flying executive jet from Spain while hungover from three-day drinking binge- London Evening Standard. USA Woody Harrelson Was So Hung Over He Could Barely Stand At A Recent Movie Premier- Huffington Post. Of course, if you are truly hung-over, there is simply no way youre going to work.- New York Magazine. Come on, commanded the CIA station chief of the hungover prime minister, weve got a lot of work to do.- Book about the CIA published by Simon and Schuster, 2012. My advice to the reader is to save his feelings of irritation for something that matters and spell the adjective for â€Å"suffering from the after-effects of alcohol† as two words when it follows a being verb and as one word when it precedes a noun. Or not. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing Prompts 1013 Cases of Complicated HyphenationWhen to Spell Out Numbers

Justice and Christians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Justice and Christians - Essay Example criminals are treated by laws alone in pursuit of justice beyond spiritual guidance, knowing the rigidity of discipline imposed by the justice system ruling, such setting may further aggravate any state of psychological imbalance with inmates. The authorities taking custody of these people may as well not find themselves able to provide sufficient moral support at getting exhausted with daily routine of having to attend to a somewhat unmanageable number of other detained suspects. It is hence more than reasonable for Christian standards to modify the objectives of employing justice in this regard. Every true Christian acts by faith and teachings which exhibit a humble, patient, and compassionate attitude of dealing with a sinner without prior judgment (Christian Justice). By the freedom of exercising righteous deed towards any one, a considerate person who handles an offender may do so in a Christian manner of promoting the essence of love and faith in life through the Holy Scriptures. Once the erring party manifests being moved in response to the atmosphere filled with love, there is high probability that this person would in turn be inspired to change heart and give the favor back. In the process, Christian justice could possibly enable the convicted person to understand the gravity of his sins then to find no great deal in the will to be executed or be served proper charges since by this time, he would have taken a huge step to forgive himself. As a result, Christianity transforms the individual at fault and establishes in him a type of conviction which is able to overcome remorse and discern the fairness in the fact that justice would not be held back from sinner. At this stage the offender, having been spiritually renewed, accepts his punishment wholeheartedly. Similarly, an act of a just Christian reaches out to the victim by supplication of comfort and bridges the gap between the victim and the person in offense. To a certain extent, the former may also

The analysis of the strangers Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The analysis of the strangers - Movie Review Example He was almost sure that she would accept it. At the same time, a stranger, blonde woman appears looking for Tamara. She even comes back a second and third time, but this time wearing a mask. It would be difficult to imagine someone would be in the surrounding .This introduces the theme title of the movie which is later followed by encounters with strangers and strange occurrences (Bertino 100). The moral lesson in this scene is that sometimes who we don’t get what we are almost sure of getting. The events that follow frighten James and Kristen and the viewer too. Their means of escape or calling for help are destroyed and the person responsible is nowhere to be seen vandalized car, with slashed tires, missing phones and the appearance of a track hauling at James all create a theme of terror (Bertino 100). The couple finds a gun in the bedroom and it create some relief of having self defense. Instead James ends up shooting his friend Mike. To torment James the unseen stranger p aints the word ‘killer’ on the glass window. It is the dull lighting in the room, the messed up appearance of everything in the house and outside that creates horror. The main actors are breathing deeply with a feeling of hopelessness with the sound track playing strongly in the background. Not being in control and lack of means of escape creates a feeling of helplessness. The moral ideas here are that we should be aware of our surrounding. What may harm you could be staring at you but you are in a position to stare back. Sometimes the enemy uses one’s weaknesses and mistakes to disorient your actions. Whenever one makes decision calm and trying to settle into the context is key to avoid serious mistakes that may harm. The next day, Kristen and James are tied up by the tormenting strangers and amidst her crying she asks why they chose them. The response is cold words â€Å"because you were home† given by the stranger wearing a doll face mask (Bertino 100). The viewer is left wandering what these words meant. Could it be the house they are in belonged to the strangers who are now starting to appear as if they are ghosts? Or could it be these are stalkers who followed them from the wedding reception? The strangers remove their mask to reveal their faces to the couple, but the faces do not appear on the screen creating even more suspense and fear on the itchy feeling on the viewer. The masks used by the attackers could represent the idea of trying to evade reality which comes back to torment you ‘because you were home† to all these destruction. The moral lesson in the theme is that prior reflection on actions and decisions before time catches up with us and the mask is removed but before the removal you could be dead or in life threatening situations. Along the way, the group meets with some two boys distributing religious material, and when the doll face is asked if she is a sinner she just carelessly responds â€Å"someti mes† and the pin up girl tells her not to worry â€Å"it will be easier next time â€Å"these words create the feeling that Doll face could have been familiar with either Kristen or James and the idea of killing the was hanging heavy on her neck (Bertino 100). What will be easier? When is the next time? From his theme we learn that even criminals regret the torment they have caused, but the satisfaction of being in control is overwhelming and they have a

Ted Talks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ted Talks - Essay Example Brooks seeks to find out if we can balance these two selves. I do believe that we can balance the two selves since us human beings need morals, which are the external logic to attain a reward which is part of the internal logic. I strong concur with Jeremy Kasdin in his video titled â€Å"The flower-shaped starshade that might help us detect Earth-like planets.† With the universe and every star in the galaxy surrounded by planets, there is need to find out which of these planets harbor life. Kasdin, with a team of scientists who support his cause, are to come up with an extraordinary invention which will be positioned 50,000 Km from a telescope. They call it the flower petal-shaped â€Å"starshade.† This extraordinary piece of science will help reduce the diffracting light thus making planets visible in the dim space and thus help further studies on them. This breakthrough in science and technology will enable astronomers determine the capabilities of planets in the solar system to harbor life. For me it is one the best innovation ever. Allan Adams in his video titled, â€Å"The discovery that could rewrite physics† explains that in the night sky there exists stars and further away galaxies. However, much further away, there is nothing visible. Afterwards, a faint, fading afterglow representing the â€Å"Big bang† is prevalent according to Adams. Big bang according to Adam marked the era in the formation of the universe which happened million years ago. Adam goes on to compare the universe with a large bubble surrounded by something and calls this inflation. This serves as an idea of the Big bang theory of the formation of the universe. Adams goes on to explain what it means in a physics theoretical way by using a hammer and bell as an example. In my opinion, I find the idea theoretical and applicable for science and not Christianity and its beliefs. I strongly

The Case against Money and Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Case against Money and Happiness - Essay Example The Easterlin Paradox was first published by Richard Easterlin way back in 1974. The paradox was mainly used to support the argument that a general increase in economical growth by a country, would not necessarily result in increased satisfaction levels by its citizenry (Leonhardt 2008). The argument supported by this paradox, was further supported by research that happened to prove that during the resultant aftermath that followed soon after World War II ended, the economy of Japan underwent a rather significant boom with the general economy’s output growing by an average of about sevenfold between the years ranging between 1950 an 1970. This staggering economical growth caused Japan to eventually become one of the world’s richest nations (Leonhardt 2008). Despite the massive economic growth witnessed in the country, polls conducted in Japan showed that the country’s citizenry appeared to become increasingly dissatisfied with their own lives. According to the re sults of one poll, the overall percentage of persons who happened to provide the most positive of the given possible answers pertaining to the level of satisfaction they were experiencing in their lives actually fell from the averages obtained during the late 1950s through to the early 1970s. It was evidently clear that although the people were richer, they were deemed to apparently not be happier. (Lee & Dwight 2006). The results of this Japanese anomaly are inherently somewhat flawed and money can result in happiness. The truth of this statement was verified by efforts of research conducted by two economists from Brookings Institution in Washington, Mr. Wolfers and Ms. Stevenson who discovered that the original research questions had changed and the most positive answer option that was given by the pollsters was one suggesting that although the respondents weren’t completely happy they were satisfied with their life as it were at the moment. Mr. Easterlin is quoted as writi ng that â€Å"it can generally be observed that persons residing in poor countries displayed a tendency towards becoming generally happier once their economic conditions became more favorable and they were subsequently able to afford their basic necessities. Any further gains on their part did not necessarily increase their income but simply just seemed to actually be resetting the bar†. Easterlin argued that one’s relative income which is basically a reflection of how much an individual happens to earn in comparison to how much other persons around the individual happened to be earning – mattered far way more than a person’s absolute income (Leonhardt 2008). The Easterlin Paradox was quickly adopted by the society and grew to become one of the major social sciences classics that were frequently cited in various academic journals as well as in the popular media (Leonhardt 2008). The Case in Support of Money Causing an Increase in Happiness It can be argue d that an increase in a person’s purchasing power can have the effect of causing a resultant increase in the happiness levels of the person. One of the most common arguments in support of this is that such happiness is generally a resultant feeling of one having more as compared to other persons in the same reference group.

THE GLOBAL CAR INDUSTRY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

THE GLOBAL CAR INDUSTRY - Essay Example A major change in the iron and steel industry will make great changes in the prices of cars. The market is greatly impacted by the reputation and quality of the product. A car company with good reputation that provides higher quality products and good after sales service will definitely capture more markets. But above all the primary factor that drives the industry is the usage of latest technology for the product as well as for production. This report studies clearly the competitive position of the car market. The report is based on Daimler Chrysler, one of the biggest car makers of the world. The company has its presence in almost all parts of the world either through production plants or through distribution channels. The company has many competitors which are equally potential and competitive to Daimler Chrysler. Therefore, the company is running through a highly competitive environment and is in a process of framing new strategies for its betterment. The report critically analyses the current position of the company as a car manufacturer. The current strategies of the company and its future plans are also referred in the report. The industry is highly influenced by the economic condition of the country. Daimler Chrysler was founded in the year 1998 by the merger of two old and giant company’s Daimler Benz of Germany and Chrysler Corporation of US. German based Daimler Benz has been in the industry since 1926. US based Chrysler Corporation was formed in the year 1925. Daimler Chrysler is one of the leading manufacturers and distributors of passenger cars and commercial vehicles in the world. â€Å"Today, the company is a leading supplier of premium passenger cars as well as the world‘s largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles† (Corporate Profile-overview. 2008). The company operates in the various sectors of automobiles through its various brands. The different brands of the company

Crosspost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crosspost - Essay Example Importantly, Killeen and King (2007) observe that nurses should consider how to mitigate factors that could strain the mutual communication between the nurse and the client in an effort to achieve the intended goals. Such factors include age, sex, education and the sensory system of the client among others. King’s theory compares to Dr. Patricia Benner’s novice to expert theory. King postulates humans as open systems constantly interacting with the environment, a concept which Benner uses to argue that expert nurses would develop their patient care skills and understanding over time through interaction of education and experience (Treas & Wilkinson, 2014). Both theories appreciate continuous learning among nurses so as to attain the nursing objectives. However, while King argues that effective nurse-patient interaction would propagate the attainment of the desired nursing goals, Benner observes that education and experience would enable a nurse meet the intended objectives in the profession. Furthermore, it would be appreciated that while King’s goal attainment theory focused on human healthcare as the goal of nursing, Benner’s novice to expert theory focuses on becoming an expert. Killeen, M. B. & King, I. M. (2007). Viewpoint: Use of King’s conceptual system, nursing informatics, and nursing classification systems for global communication. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge, 18 (2), 51 – 57. doi:

THE GLOBAL CAR INDUSTRY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

THE GLOBAL CAR INDUSTRY - Essay Example A major change in the iron and steel industry will make great changes in the prices of cars. The market is greatly impacted by the reputation and quality of the product. A car company with good reputation that provides higher quality products and good after sales service will definitely capture more markets. But above all the primary factor that drives the industry is the usage of latest technology for the product as well as for production. This report studies clearly the competitive position of the car market. The report is based on Daimler Chrysler, one of the biggest car makers of the world. The company has its presence in almost all parts of the world either through production plants or through distribution channels. The company has many competitors which are equally potential and competitive to Daimler Chrysler. Therefore, the company is running through a highly competitive environment and is in a process of framing new strategies for its betterment. The report critically analyses the current position of the company as a car manufacturer. The current strategies of the company and its future plans are also referred in the report. The industry is highly influenced by the economic condition of the country. Daimler Chrysler was founded in the year 1998 by the merger of two old and giant company’s Daimler Benz of Germany and Chrysler Corporation of US. German based Daimler Benz has been in the industry since 1926. US based Chrysler Corporation was formed in the year 1925. Daimler Chrysler is one of the leading manufacturers and distributors of passenger cars and commercial vehicles in the world. â€Å"Today, the company is a leading supplier of premium passenger cars as well as the world‘s largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles† (Corporate Profile-overview. 2008). The company operates in the various sectors of automobiles through its various brands. The different brands of the company

Anotatted Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anotatted Bibliography - Essay Example The author comes up with a mode of describing the child; â€Å"Description. The criterion is however based on the child’s figuration. This is as regards oppositional theories of the subject matter. It is an emphasis brought about by the argument that there will always be theories produced in such an increasingly changing world using the context of Australia. In his argument, the author categorically takes a look at the history of childhood. He says this can only be studied through historical conception, that is, through inclusion of such sources as the Philippines Aries. The article uses a quantitative research methodology using results made on based on the insights of demographic historians. The author stresses on the fact that the youth is a constitution not of instinctive acquisition, but rather purposefully processed. This involves social constructs from childhood all the way to adulthood. Youth culture is examined on a historical perspective through the use of a sociological research approach. In this context, a close look and examination of the youth culture is achieved. Castaneda, C. (2002) The Child in Theory: post-structuralism, feminism, and psychoanalysis. In University of Sydney Library (ed), Figurations: child, bodies, worlds, Duke University Press, Durham, Chapter 5,

Artificial Intelligence in the Near Future Essay Example for Free

Artificial Intelligence in the Near Future Essay Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have a bunch of robots do everything for you? Cook, clean, run errands, maybe even take care of the children and animals. That sounds like a pretty easy life. What would you do though if they all turned on you; suddenly your easy life was made more difficult than before. There are two sides to Artificial Intelligence, much like there are two sides to every person. There is a lot to take in when talking about Artificial Intelligence, such as what it means, how it started, advantages, disadvantages, things that use artificial Intelligence, how do other people feel about it, how do you feel about it, and many other questions. So what is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence is considered the development of machines such as robots and security systems that do the jobs of humans. They are also able to understand human speech. With this being said in the future robots will be able to do everything humans can, if not better. Things that use Artificial Intelligence will be programmed to response to voices, either any voice that speak to it, or only certain ones. Systems that can only open to a certain voice are most likely going to be used for government work, while ones that open to any can be used for everyday things. In 1963 Konrad Zuse invented the Z1 computer. This computer was the first computer that was freely programmable. 1942 John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry Created the ABC Computer, twenty years later Steve Russell and MIT invent the Spacewar computer game, which was the first computer game on record. By 1973 Robert Metcalfe and Xerox were able to come up with computer networking. Eleven years after that in 1984 Apple invented the Macintosh Computer, which was the first affordable desktop computer to be in homes. In 1949, between the ABC Computer and the first computer networking advancement in computer theory lead to computer science, and eventually Artificial Intelligence. After networking came about AI (Artificial Intelligence) became possible. Norbert Wiener was the first American to make the observation between human intelligence and machine, this happened back in 1950. Even though Norbert made the connection John McCarthy was consider the father of AI, because he put together many conferences to get AI up and working. This took seven years. Finally the Thermostat was consider the first AI because it could control the temperature in the room, it was able to notice if the room was to hot or too cold, and adjust it to your liking. Then in 1955 The Logic Theorist was developed by Newell and Simon, and consider to be the first AI computer program. BY 1960 it was predicted that by 1985 AI would be doing the job of humans (Kurweil 69) Fast forwarding to the present AI has skyrocketed. There are vacuums that all you have to do is press the power button and it does everything on its own there is no need for you to do any of the work. GPS are also a great invention, put one in your car, or type on your phone and it can tell you how to get where you need to be, as well as find shorter routes, non toll roads, as well as avoiding accidents or back up traffic, you can even put in if you are walking or riding a bike. Smart phones have made lives easier as well. There is so much you can do with them, from checking bank account to putting in reminders, and some things are even voice activated. ATT Bell Laboratories may be the single most active telecommunications body working in Artificial Intelligence. Now if you want to have some fun with an AI, Cleverbot is the way to go. Cleverbot is a computer system that you can talk to, it’s doesn’t always have the nicest things to say, or even make sense but it is fun to play around with. The most recent thing to come of age is a car that drives itself, and is able to tell the difference between people who are walking and those on bikes. In 2004 the Company named Topix was founded by Sun Microsystems and Netscape engineers Tom Markson, Bryan Dole, and Bob Truel. This company created artificial intelligence algorithms to monitor news from more than 50,000 sources. They later added user-generated capabilities allowing site visitors to share, edit, and discuss news. Having an item that is an AI has its advantages. For starters it would make for safer work places. Some work places have jobs with low oxygen, radioactive elements or even poor weather conditions, if we have robot working in those environment instead of human, many lives could be saved. Even jobs that keep families apart would be at an all time low. NASA and the Military would also have more advance weapons. They would be able to notice and destroy other countries harmful weapons and keep us safer. Also if we had robots and other types of machines that do not need to rest or eat, they could work around the clock on finding a cure for cancer, and ending world hunger. Instead of sending our men and woman to foreign countries were they are bombed and shot at, we could send AI machines. Most of all there would be less error in the work place. Many places already use machine to do things because they can better measure out the right amount of equipment. There is a downside to using AI as well. With the rise of robots taking over jobs it means people will be replaced. The unemployment rate will go up, less people will get the help they need because too many people will need assistants, and laziness in humans will reach an all time high. Without having to go anywhere or do anything that will leave people to sit and watch TV all day. With jobs being taken away, younger generations will be at a disadvantage because they will not know what it is like to â€Å"earn a buck†. As AI grows they will be collecting all kinds of information, too much knowledge for one being is not a good thing, they might end up thinking they are smarter than us, and go haywire causing more problems. Not to mention if the wrong people get their hands on it they could misuse it. Most of all though it will be pricey. Meaning the people will have higher taxes to pay, and with robots doing all the work with money we just don’t have. When it comes to artificial intelligence my thoughts on it are 50/50. While I think it would be great to have extra help in work places or around the home, as well as not having to put so many people in danger just to get a job done I myself would not want to lose my job. I feel that if we use artificial intelligence for the good of others and not just to make things easier then we should do fine, but we must be careful that it does not fall into the wrong hands. After taking a survey of ten men and ten woman ranging from the ages twenty to forty, asking them if they think artificial intelligence would be a good use for the future, the result were as followed: five said yes, five said no, 3 were unsure, and seven think it would be both good and bad. In the twenty age group most were unsure though those who chose both were close behind, yes and no’s were equal. In the age group of thirty there were no yes’s or unsure, those who chose no were beaten out by those who chose both. In the forty age rang there were no unsure, those who chose both and no’s were equal as the yes’s beat them out. So it would seem the younger you are the more you are not sure, and the older you are the more you would like it to happen. I asked the people that I surveyed why they picked the answer they did. For those who said No, most of them said it was because they wouldn’t want to lose their job, while other worry about the system outsmarting us and causing a lot of damage and problems, pulse they have no moral judgment, compassion or other human emotions. Those who said yes were looking forward to work being easier, decision making would be easier and not put as much pressure on the person in charge. One of the people who said yes had this to say â€Å"Yes they could rescue a child from a burning building without getting hurt†¦83 Firefighters died last year while attempting to stop fires. That number would be zero if we had AI in the sense of I, Robot. Thats just one example but the implications are innumerable. Would you rather have a robot that never fatigues or gets distracted do surgery on your brain or a surgeon that may have had a late night or may have a difficult personal issue on his mind, like a divorce? (J.s).Those who choose both thought that it should be allowed, but with limits. Everyone has questions when it comes to AI. The one that seems to be worried about the most though is â€Å"will laws change, or will there be different laws for AI? People are worried that they will have to learn a new set of laws. If by chance there are different laws for AI beings will they be just as fair as ours? Or will they have more privileges? There is so much information out there when it comes to AI that it can be hard to keep up with. Now that you know what AI is, how it started, things that use it, advantages and disadvantages, my thoughts, other peoples thoughts and questions that are asked you have a good head start on learning more. What you find may surprise you and enlighten you, but nevertheless it is very interesting. One last piece of advice I would give to anyone, is since AI can be used for good or bad, watch whose hands it falls into.

Parkinsons Disease and Tourettes Syndrome Essay -- Biology Essays Re

Parkinson's Disease and Tourette's Syndrome Parkinson's Disease is a literally crippling neurodegenerative disorder, manifested in about 1% of the aged population. People who have Parkinson's Disease gradually lose control of their movements; specific symptoms include, "tremor, slowness of movement, stiffness, difficulty in walking, and loss of balance." (1) Evidence strongly suggests that Parkinson's Disease is the result of severe cell loss in the substantia nigra. This brain structure is principally involved in the production of dopamine. (2) Dopamine, among other functions, is the neurotransmitter involved in initiation of movement. Hence, the link between dopaminergic cell loss and cessation of voluntary movement, as manifested in Parkinson's Disease, seems established. (3) However, the applicability of this link seems to not end with Parkinson's Disease. If a severe deficit in dopamine induces cessation of movement and baseline levels of dopamine make voluntary, normal movement possible, can an excess of dopamine, or inc reased effectiveness of dopamine, lead to involuntary manifestation of movement? Potentially, a marked excess, or increase in effectiveness, of dopamine will lead to a loss of control of movement, just as a shortage of dopamine will. However, in the former case, movement should be involuntarily manifested. If such manifestations indeed were observed, it would be interesting to see if, in fact, dopamine excess, or dopamine at all, plays a role. Indeed, involuntary movements, commonly referred to as tics, are the primary symptoms of a disease called Tourette's Syndrome. The syndrome, named after the person who first described it, Gilles de la Tourette, "is a complex neurobehavioral disorder characteri... ...8,9,10) It is noteworthy, that these drugs, when used at excessive dosages, may lead to side effects such as muscular rigidity, tremor, slow movement, and other symptoms, which are very similar to the symptoms accompanying Parkinson's. Also, these side effects can be counteracted by administration of l-Dopa, a drug commonly given to overcome severe 'freezing' in Parkinson's patients. This evidence completes the picture that was anticipated when beginning to look at Parkinson's and a possible functional opposite. Normal movement does not suffice to serve as an opposite of Parkinson's; the severe tics accompanying Tourette's Syndrome, however, do. The evidence form drug studies and binding research serves to elucidate the connection. Internet Sources: http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/17/9/3168 http://www.mentalhealth.com/drug/p30-o01.html#Head_1 Parkinson's Disease and Tourette's Syndrome Essay -- Biology Essays Re Parkinson's Disease and Tourette's Syndrome Parkinson's Disease is a literally crippling neurodegenerative disorder, manifested in about 1% of the aged population. People who have Parkinson's Disease gradually lose control of their movements; specific symptoms include, "tremor, slowness of movement, stiffness, difficulty in walking, and loss of balance." (1) Evidence strongly suggests that Parkinson's Disease is the result of severe cell loss in the substantia nigra. This brain structure is principally involved in the production of dopamine. (2) Dopamine, among other functions, is the neurotransmitter involved in initiation of movement. Hence, the link between dopaminergic cell loss and cessation of voluntary movement, as manifested in Parkinson's Disease, seems established. (3) However, the applicability of this link seems to not end with Parkinson's Disease. If a severe deficit in dopamine induces cessation of movement and baseline levels of dopamine make voluntary, normal movement possible, can an excess of dopamine, or inc reased effectiveness of dopamine, lead to involuntary manifestation of movement? Potentially, a marked excess, or increase in effectiveness, of dopamine will lead to a loss of control of movement, just as a shortage of dopamine will. However, in the former case, movement should be involuntarily manifested. If such manifestations indeed were observed, it would be interesting to see if, in fact, dopamine excess, or dopamine at all, plays a role. Indeed, involuntary movements, commonly referred to as tics, are the primary symptoms of a disease called Tourette's Syndrome. The syndrome, named after the person who first described it, Gilles de la Tourette, "is a complex neurobehavioral disorder characteri... ...8,9,10) It is noteworthy, that these drugs, when used at excessive dosages, may lead to side effects such as muscular rigidity, tremor, slow movement, and other symptoms, which are very similar to the symptoms accompanying Parkinson's. Also, these side effects can be counteracted by administration of l-Dopa, a drug commonly given to overcome severe 'freezing' in Parkinson's patients. This evidence completes the picture that was anticipated when beginning to look at Parkinson's and a possible functional opposite. Normal movement does not suffice to serve as an opposite of Parkinson's; the severe tics accompanying Tourette's Syndrome, however, do. The evidence form drug studies and binding research serves to elucidate the connection. Internet Sources: http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/abstract/17/9/3168 http://www.mentalhealth.com/drug/p30-o01.html#Head_1

Henry Ford :: Henry Ford Essays

When Henry Ford was born on June 30th, 1863, neither him nor anyone for that matter, knew what an important role he would take in the future of mankind. Ford saw his first car when he was 12. He and his father where riding into Detroit at the time. At that moment, he knew what he wanted to do with his life: he wanted to make a difference in the automobile industry. Through out his life, he achieved this in an extraordinary way. That is why he will always be remembered in everyone’s heart. Whenever you drive down the road in your car, you can thank all of it to Henry Ford. Through his life he accomplished extraordinary achievements such as going from a poor farm boy to a wealthy inventor who helped Thomas Edison. When he was a young man, he figured out how to use simple inventions, such as the light bulb. He then taught himself the design of a steamboat engine. His goal was to build a horse-less carriage. He had come up with several designs and in 1896, he produced his first ca r, the Model A. When Ford’s first car came out, he had been interviewed by a reporter and when asked about the history of the car, he had said â€Å"History is more or less bunk.† Ford worked in Thomas Edison’s factory for years and the left to become an apprentice for a car-producer in Detroit. While working there, he established how he was going to make the car. He looked through hundreds of books on bicycles and books on horse and buggies. Ford decided to use wheels from a bicycle, and the same steel framing. From the horse and buggy, he took the idea of the shape of the actual frame. He also made a handlebar that was in the same place as horse rider for a buggy. When Henry For opened his first automobile plant, not only did it bring much attention to the industry, but it also made people want to own a car so that they looked â€Å"cool†. People knew that this was going to be a successful industry so they wanted to work in it. Even though most people t hink that the first true car ever made by Henry Ford was the Model A; they are actually being deceived. Henry Ford’s first actual cars were made for racing. Only a year or so later did Ford start making Model A’s.

How far was Henrys foreign policy merely defensive in the years between 1487 and 1509?

Henry worked hard to establish, consolidate and recover many foreign relations within his reign. This was mostly defensive due to pretenders threatening Henry’s throne which meant a lot of Henry’s foreign relations were defensive. However, Henry did also establish policies to help other factors during his reign. One way in which Henry did establish relations out of defence was to rid of short term pretenders and threats to his throne. An example of this would be the Treaty of Etaples which was made in 1492 with France.This treaty outlined neither country would support imposters which resulted in France having to stop supporting and give up Perkin Warbeck who was at the time pretending to be Richard, Duke of York. The treaty was a defensive manoeuvre to ensure the pretender was stopped to reduce the threat to Henry’s throne and this helped Henry a lot as France did not particularly like Henry at the time so the Treaty meant they would no longer support Warbeck whi ch helped Henry protect his security well. However, some of Henry’s actions could have been seen as an attack rather than defence.The treaty of Etaples also meant Henry demanded money resulting in France had to pay an annual pension of 50,000 crowns (?5,000). The money was given due to Henry reasserting an ancient claim to French lands and besieging Boulogne which was quite assertive and was this part of the treaty was more of an attack towards France. This is why it is debatable whether Henry was more defensive or attacking in foreign policy as the Treaty of Etaples did both as it forced France to give up pretenders, protecting Henry, but also demanding money, an attack of France.However, it is clear that indeed, henry did use the treaty to attack France but overall used it as a defence. Another reason Henry instated foreign policy completely as a defence was to secure his dynasty through marriages and treaties and make peace for his and others future rule. The Treaty of Ayt on, made in 1497, established Anglo-Scottish harmony which matured into a formal peace Treaty in 1502 and the long term strength was symbolised with the marriage of Princess Margaret, Henry’s daughter, and James IV in 1503.This was entirely to put a stop to the on-going conflict on the Scottish border and ensure a lasting truce and alliance with Scotland for his dynasty and future security. Yet on the other hand, Henry also established foreign policies and agreements to help improve England’s trade. Due to Margaret of Burgundy showing continuous support for Warbeck, Henry issued an embargo on English trade with Burgundy that lasted until 1496.Henry then later dealt with this with the Intercursus Magnus also known as the Great Settlement in 1846 as both Henry and Philip had suffered from the commercial restrictions and needed each other’s trade again. This cannot be seen as defensive as relations did not improve massively as Philip continued to harbour Yorkists m eaning this agreement was purely made to improve trade and English profits and did not benefit Henry in securing his throne nor dynasty. This clearly means Henrys foreign policy was not entirely defensive but was placed to improve trade as well.In conclusion, Henry worked hard to establish foreign policies for different reasons. It is clear that Henry’s main priority was as defence but also that it was not the total reason and foreign policy was not used completely for defence as Henry did make some agreements to assist trade and as a form of attack on countries to instate and show power. However, it is fair to say Henry’s foreign policy was defensive to help secure his throne but mostly to provide and protect his dynasty.

Acquisition Strategy Essay

In today’s market it is very important for company’s to remain competive in order to maintain an edge over its competitors. The days that a company can rely on its reputation to continue making profits are gone. Today, everyone is looking to save money by buying less expensive items like economy brands, considering that the diffrences between the two products are similar and the features that are not offered are of little value. This will make a consumer buy the less expensive item. Like consumers, companies are also looking to save money and maximize profit. One way of doing this is through acquisition strategies. Combining the operations of two companies is a very good option for companies that are looking to stregnthening the company’s competincies and competitiveness, this will ultimately open new market opportunities (Gamble/Thompson, p. 119). The benefit of this type of strategy, unlike alliances, they do not go far enough for the resources needed and a very important factor, ownership. In the following paragraphs, I will give two examples of two different companies in different industries and explain how they will stregnthen their market position through acquisiton, to include resources and competive capabilities. The first example I will use it Wells Fargo & Co. results from the acquisition of Wachovia Corporation. During the economic crisis Wells Fargo & Co. acquired Wachovia Corp in a bail out to keep the bank from going under. At one point Wachovia was Wells Fargo’s competitor. After the acquisiton it made Wells Fargo a banking giant absorbing its competion. Earnings from that acquisition have earned Wells Fargo Financial & Co. a 21% earnings since the acquistion, reporting record profits. This acquistion has allowed them to gain market share, this was mostly created by winning new customers. Mortgage loans was the top earner and low rates and prices of homes falling to record lows has allowed the company to grow even in these tough economic times. Additionally, the acquisition of Wacovia Corp. moves Wells Fargo as the second largest bank, second only to Bank of America. The strategy has allowed them to acquire a larger share of the financial market. The second company I will discuss is DuPont Nutrition & Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corp. Once a long time partner of DuPont, is a very good and proven company, is a good fit because of their proven market science business and offers clear synergy for them. The acquisition will make them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel. This effort will position the company ahead of all rivals addressing dramatic growth in human population in the years to come. Danisco is well established company that has research and application capabilities. This will create a more cost efficient operation of the combined companies. The applications do not need to be duplicated, meaning their buying power will increase, administrative functions do not need to be replicated, and will further create more cost savings by downsizing. This acquisition will also allow them to enter new product categories, for example 65% of Danisco’s revenue comes from specialty foods, product substitution items such as sweetners and enablers. This will allow them to enter renewable materials and addressing food needs. In conclusion, I have discussed Wells Fargo & Co. , and how their acquisition of Wachovia Corp has allowed the company to gain a larger geographic coverage has helped it create a more cost efficient operation by allowing to cut overhead costs by elliminating duplicate processes. Second, DuPont Nutrition & Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corporation has allowed DuPont has made them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel.

How the health and social care practitioner own values, beliefs and experiences Essay

The health and social care practitioner values, beliefs and experiences can influence their delivery of care by what they believe in and what they see as acceptable. It is important as a health practitioner to treat service users equally and to never allow their personal beliefs to affect their role of work. For example giving someone else a special treatment because you like them better and treating a client differently because they do not have the same religion/belief. Treating a service user badly because of their race or their personality is against the practise. The Human Rights Act 1998, The Equality Act of 2010, The Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Equal Opportunities Act 2004 are all legislations that link with equality and diversity. All these acts should be met every individuals needs and should be followed. This should allow all service users to be treated equally regarding their race, gender, religion, disability, sexual orientation, age and belief. It is a health care practi tioner’s duty to provide everyone a non-bias service to every individual’s beliefs. 3.2 Describe how person-centred practice is used to support individuals. Person centred planning is a way of discovering how a person wants to live like now or in the future and to identify what is required to make that possible. It’s a way of helping everyone to think about what is important to them and what services and support they want. Person centred planning can be helpful in answering people these questions. It’s also useful to people in organising their life in a way that is useful for them. For example David’s story it’s about making sure they meet David’s needs. They use person centred planning for David in order for them to communicate with him and give him the best quality of care. Person centred practice is used to support individuals by doing things that people see when using health and social care services as equal. Person centred skills that are enforced to support individuals are used for several reasons, for example lives of individual’s that are supported are improving and are developing. This means by letting their family at the centre of their decisions and working alongside them to their best interest. Person-centred care is not always about providing information to people. It’s about values, considering peoples desires, and seeing Person-centred care is not just about giving people whatever they want or providing information. It is about considering people’s desires, values, family situations, social circumstances and lifestyles; seeing the person as an individual, and working together to develop appropriate solutions. 3.3 Discuss impacts of person-centred practice on individuals. An impact of person-centred practice on individuals meets people’s needs and expectations Person centred approaches is shared decisions making and self-management support to enable people to be more active and defining the outcome that is important to them. It focuses on individual’s personal needs, wants and what they desire the most. This means putting people’s needs first. Person-centred practice might have an impact on individuals because they have a potential to achieve meeting people’s needs and expectations. It might have an impact on them by deciding the treatment and support that is best for them and also managing their health and care. 3.4 Describe ethical dilemmas that may arise when balancing individual’s rights and duty of care. A possible dilemma would be that an individual wants to do something but you think it might be a risk to their duty of care which means you have to do everything you can to keep them safe but, you have to respect the individual’s rights and choices. And if you try and stop the individual from doing something from something they want or from doing something they want to do then you are taking away their independence. Another dilemma that may arise will be confidentiality. If something confidential is mentioned to a colleague or a member of the team and it involves safeguarding and the client might be at harm then, they have to break that confidentiality and pass on the information.

Campaigns and Givenchy Shops in London Coursework

Campaigns and Givenchy Shops in London - Coursework Example The Bettina blouse was the standout design; it was white in color and was named after Bettina Graziani. The shirt can be found in one of the Gruaus paintings. His first design awarded him an instant success with praises from the New York Times magazine and L Album du Figaro. The Givenchy brand attracted the famous models of the day, for example; Dorian Leigh, Suzy Parker and Ivy Nicholson. Hubert de Givenchy created exciting innovations like "shirting" to design his casual and chic collections. In the year 1954, Givenchy introduced the shirt dress and a clothing line known as Givenchy university. But, before signing for this collection, he brought back all the shares of the fashion house from Loius Fontaine. In the 1950s, Hubert de Givenchy collaborated with Cristobal Balenciaga to take their collections to New York. In the year 1957, they introduced the sack dress and in 1958, they launched the baby doll and coats line. The house of Givenchy changed location and moved closer to Balenciaga in Avenue George V area. They jointly worked together to avoid any price dictates on their products. The seventies were the period when the house of Givenchy started to expand as a fashion house. They introduced Gentleman Givenchy, the fashion line for the male population. The boutique was opened in November the year 1969 at Avenue George V; the designs were appealing as they were up to date. Later that year, Givenchy came up with the short dress.Cristobal Balenciaga advised Givenchy to develop his licenses; this move was meant to protect his haute couture collections. 1971 saw Givenchy design embroidered coats in the honor of Joan Miro and Georges Braque. They also diversified their activities to desi gn; jewelry, shoes, ties, kimonos, tableware and upholstery (Wearona.com, 2015). In 1976, they opened offices and showrooms in New York Citys Fifth Avenue. The eighties and nineties saw the brand spackle with Hubert de  Givenchy winning several accolades.