Bio

Bio Abstract:My cultural background consists of my unique origin, language, culture, religion and race. Sharing it with others can give them a chance to know me better as a person. A healthy relationship can easily be developed with others when they get to know me well; therefore, it is important to share my diverse culture and background with others.Introduction:The country I am originally from is called Bangladesh located at the North East corner of India. The population of our country is 137 million in the area of 55,600 square miles which is less than one third of Texas. This country is the 8th most densely populated country in the world. When anyone comes to visit Bangladesh there's one thing one can not miss: People, People and lots of people.We have an old joke about the population of our country. It goes as follows: Once three people: one from the US, one from Italy and one from Bangladesh were traveling together by a train.United StatesAfter getting to know each other a little e veryone starts to show off; suddenly the American person takes a costly suit out of his travel-bag looking at which the other two exclaims, "Oh! Such a nice suit!!" The American looks at his other two companions, smiles, and throws the costly suit out through the window to their utter amazement. "Why did you do that?" asks the others. "Hey, it's not a problem", answers the American, "We have too many of these in my country." Now, the Italian takes a golden bottle of costly wine looking at which the other two go 'wow', but he smiles at his companions and throws the bottle out of the moving train surprising them. "What made you do that?", asked the others. "Oh! That's no problem. We have too...

Overloading in C, C++ and C# Definition

Overloading in C, C++ and C# Definition Function overloading allows functions in computer languages such as C, C, and C# to have the same name with different parameters. Operator overloading allows operators to work in the same manner. In C#, method overloading works with two methods that accomplish the same thing but have different types or numbers of parameters. An Example of Function Overloading Rather than have a differently named function to sort each type of array, such as: You can use the same name with different parameter types as shown here: The compiler is then able to call the appropriate function depending on the parameter type. Overload resolution is the term given to the process of selecting the appropriate overload function.   Operator Overloading Similar to function overloading, operator overloading allows programmers to redefine operators such as , - and *. For example, in a class for complex numbers where each number has a real and imaginary part, overloaded operators allow code such as this to work: As long as is overloaded for the type complex. Advantages of Overloading When Writing Code You end up with code that is easier to readOverloading is convenient and intuitiveAvoids clunky syntax  Consistency in naming and notationWorks well in templates and other constructs when you dont know the variable type at the time you are writing the code.

Gun Control Laws and Violent Crime Rates do not Correlate Research Paper

Gun Control Laws and Violent Crime Rates do not Correlate - Research Paper Example Global evidences have long been presented as reason of the statement, â€Å"more guns mean more deaths†. Countries like Britain, where gun control laws are implemented, violent crime rates are low. Unluckily, this notion is not true to all countries. In fact, the United State’s crime violence rates intensified throughout 1980s and 1990s. After the undertaken assassination of President Reagan, gun control bill became the agenda of the Congress. Further, Brady Law decrees a period of 72 hours of waiting to buy handguns and the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, which bans the production, sale, or ownership of 19 types of semi-automatic weapons. The justification of gun control consists of arguments that ownership or availability of guns is correlated with high violence rates. Thus, gun control laws would be the solution in reducing crimes. This resulted to serious debates.

Management case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management case study - Essay Example By acquiring main players on the European market, Preussag could finally capture more than 30 percent of the European tourism market and was renovated under the new name – TUI Group. Despite some major successes, it its strategy that could be observed in the case study, some additional steps or changes could be made in order to improve it and make final results of the operations even more successful. Firstly, as it was mentioned in the case study the main reason behind consolidation – economy of scale has not yet been reached (Viardot 2007, p. 21). TUI Group made several serious acquisitions in European market and in UK, but they still have rather strong competitors on both markets. They were able to buy fully the main tour operator in France, but could merge only 30% of their main competitor in UK. In addition, MyTravel, one more UK leading tour operator takes a part of the whole market share. They have succeeded with buying German tour operators, but one more competitor originally from Germany is left, which is ReweTouristik. Therefore, TUI Group could try to expand their presence on the European market by continuing a strategy of merges and acquisitions with their main competitors. By doing this they will be able to expand their leadership on the market without making significant changes within the company. In addition, they would be able to reach the level of synergy that would help them to establish the economy of scale, so important in the industry. Secondly, despite the major presence in EU, TUI Group could try to expand their operations in Asia. They could try move even further on East, to Japan. Having these great resources behind, experience and knowledge in multicultural operations and a good strategy, they could try to establish TUI Japan for Japan tourists, because Japan is considered to be a very attractive from the outbound tourism prospective country (Japan Tourism Marketing 2009) especially towards other eastern

Virtuoso Teams Essay Example for Free

Virtuoso Teams Essay Bill Fischer is Professor of Innovation Management. He began his work-life as an apprentice electrician in the New York City building trades and his professional life as a development engineer in the steel industry. He served for two years as a lieutenant in the US Army Corps of Engineers; and has also worked with the World Health Organization for more than fifteen years on strengthening research and development institutes in developing countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America. Bill also was the Executive President and Dean of the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS), in Shanghai. Bill writes a blog entitled The Ideas Business for Forbes.com and has recently author two books relating to innovation: Virtuoso Teams in 2005, and The Idea Hunter, in 2011 [both co-authored by Andy Boynton]. Andy Boynton is Dean of Boston College’s Carroll School of Management, one of the world’s leading business schools, the author of several books and co-creator of DeepDiveâ„ ¢, the world’s leading methodology for helping executives harness the power of teams to significantly improve problem-solving speed, innovation and results. Boynton was a professor of strategy at the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) in Lausanne, Switzerland for 10 years. Boynton has recently launched new research projects to explore how distinguished experts from a variety of knowledge-domains work with ideas to achieve professional success and improve their effectiveness in social networks. His latest book, The Idea Hunter: How to Find the Best Ideas and Make them Happen (Jossey-Bass), is based on this research and is co-authored with Bill Fischer and William Bole. A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, Latin virtus meaning: skill, manliness, excellence) is an individual who possesses outstanding technical ability in the fine arts, at singing or playing a musical instrument. The term evolved with time, simultaneously broadening and narrowing in scope as interpretations went in and out of fashion and debates unravel. What words characterizes them best? This article is about these kind of teams which are so different from the ordinary, average teams. The Idea in Brief Imagine these high-stakes scenarios: Your company must enter an untested new market. Or reorganize to take advantage of a new IT platform. Or avert a public relations crisis brought on by product tampering. To manage such feats, you need virtuoso teamsgroups of top experts in their fields. But superstars are notorious for being temperamental and egocentric. You worry that forcing a group of them to work together will create a fatal explosion. So youre tempted to settle for an ordinary project team instead. Dont do it. Ordinary teams may play nice, but they produce results as unremarkable as themselves. Assemble your virtuoso teamand manage it with counterintuitive strategies, advise Fischer and Boynton. For example, instead of emphasizing the collective, celebrate individual egos by creating opportunities for solo performances. Then build group ego by encouraging a single-minded focus on the goal, your teams members will forge their most brilliant ideas. The Idea in Practice Fischer and Boynton suggest these principles for leading a virtuoso team: Assemble the stars. Hire only members with the best skills, even if they have little experience with the problem at hand. After investing heavily in a site promising a big oil find, Norsk Hydro discovered the site was dry. Team leader Kjell Sunde assembled a virtuoso team to avert an investor-relations crisis. The team included the best technical people from across the company. Its goal: Analyze reams of data, pinpoint what went wrong, and convince stakeholders such an outcome wouldnt occur again. Build the group ego. As your teams project progresses, help stars break through their egocentrism and morph into a powerful, unified team with a shared identity. Sunde initially broke with Norsk Hydros consensus-driven culture by publicly celebrating his team members and putting them squarely in the spotlight. He established a star mentality by nicknaming them the A-team. Then he built the teams group ego by protecting members from intrusive scrutiny from above, giving them unlimited access to resources, and treating their  conclusions as definitive. Make work a contact sport. Use face-to-face conversations in designated spaces to foster impassioned dialogue. Sunde established a dedicated team room and filled it with computer workstations and other scientific and communications equipment. The space functioned as a workroom and meeting place for candid, intense discussions that let members bounce ideas off each other. Respect the customers intelligence. Foster the belief that your teams customers want more, not less. Youll encourage them to deliver solutions consistent with this higher perception. For Norsk Hydros A-team, customers were equity market analysts. The teams job was to manage the markets reaction to news of the dry site. If its explanation was slapdash or incomplete, the companys market value would nosedive. The team provided thoughtful explanations that left market analysts impressed with the firms ability to respond convincingly and quickly to market concerns. The company received kudos in the press and was spared serious financial erosion. Herd the cats. Use time management strategies to balance team members needs for individual attention and intellectual freedom with the uncompromising demands and time lines of your high-stakes project. Sunde forced A-team members to keep presentations to 15 minutes. That encouraged members to use this allotment to maximum effect and discouraged aggressive members from imposing their viewpoints on others. The strong adherence to time made everyone aware they had to dance to the same rhythm.

Prudence Macintosh :: essays research papers

Prudence Mackintosh, a writer of both novels and magazines articles, was born and raised in Texarkana and now lives in Dallas where she raised her family. Mackintosh went to college at the University of Texas in the sixties. She wrote and still is writing about Texas womanhood and what it is like to be a mother in Texas. Prudence Mackintosh has influenced the world's perception of Texas and the rest of the West through her humorous writing about everyday life in Texas. Prudence Mackintosh has three sons who are grown up now that she raised in Highland Park. All three boys are different. Her oldest son is very well organized and willing do anything she asks him to do, her middle son is very disorganized, and the youngest son is very adventurous. Mackintosh supported them in their decisions and always helped them know how to chose right from wrong. Mrs. Mackintosh wrote a story about when her oldest son he didn't want to play football anymore, and how all the other boys made fun of him. To help him, she wrote a story telling how not all boys had to play football to be tough. Prudence Mackintosh's mother and father were the main influences as she was growing up. She was born into a family of writers, who both worked for the newspaper, her mother wrote articles and her father did editing. Her parents took her to their office where she observed the hectic yet exciting environment of the writers using adult language that children shouldn't hear. So she grew up to think that writing was the job for her. Besides her parents, Maya Angelou was another huge influence on Mrs. Mackintosh. Angelou and Mrs. Mackintosh grew up only twenty five miles apart, but there lives were extremely different. Maya Angelou is sixteen years older so she started her writing career when Prudence Mackintosh was a child. Mackintosh says, "Maya Angelou's first book, "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings", was an especially strong stuff for me. Maya Angelous' black childhood experiences in Stamp, Arkansas, occurred only twenty-five miles and sixteen years from her very different white childhood in Texarkana, Texas. Angelou's writings influenced her views on racism in her small town. An old friend of hers from college became editor of Texas Monthly Magazine. He remembered how fabulous a writer Mackintosh was from their college years. Their first meeting was in a poetry class when he laughed at her name.

Ethical Hacking Essay

As computers became progressively more available at universities, user communities started to extend beyond researchers in engineering or computer science to other individuals who viewed the computer as an inquisitively flexible instrument. Whether they programmed the computers to draw pictures, play games or to assist them with the extra boring aspects of their daily work, once computers were on hand for use, there was never a lack of individuals wanting to utilize them. Because of this increasing fame of computers and their sustained high cost, access to them was frequently restricted. When refused access to the computers, several users would challenge the access controls that had been put in place. They would steal pass codes or account numbers by looking over someone’s shoulder, explore the system for bugs that might get them past the rules, or even take control of the entire system. They would commit such things in order to be able to run the programs of their option, or just to alter the confines under which their programs were running. (Fadia, 2005). Originally these computer intrusions were fairly benevolent, with the most harm being the theft of computer time. Though, these intrusions did not stay benign for long. Seldom the less talented intruders would unintentionally bring down a system or damage its files, and the system administrators would have to restart it or make repairs. Other times, when these intruders were again deprived of access once their activities were discovered, they would respond with robust destructive actions. When the number of these harmful computer intrusions became obvious, it became â€Å"news† and the news media pulled out on the story. Instead using a more accurate term of â€Å"cyber crime,† the media began using the term â€Å"hacker† to explain individuals who crack into computers for amusement, revenge, or income Since calling someone a â€Å"hacker† was at first meant as a praise, computer security professionals rather use the term â€Å"cracker† or â€Å"intruder† for those hackers who turn to the dark side of hacking. For simplicity, we will use the unambiguous terms â€Å"ethical hacker† and â€Å"criminal hacker† for the rest of this paper.

Foundations of Human Development Essay

Human development is based on biological development, psychological development, and social development, these three aspects of human development interact with each other, because it helps to create an individual’s identity and personality. Our development defines who we are, our interactions and how we view the environment around us. To understand bio-psycho-social dimensions of human development, having culture competency, and comprehending the general systems theory and how these theory systems works are crucial parts of being an effective human service professional Bio-Psycho-Social Dimensions of Human Development Various aspects of human development are combined together to make-up an individual’s growth and development. Human development contains three dimensions which are, biological development, psychological development, . Each theory differs in terms of the weight or importance it assigns to these biological, psychological, or social factors. Nonetheless, they each acknowledge there is an important inter-relationship between nature biology and temperament and nurture the social environment and life experience in the formation of personality experiences in the formation of personality. These aspects of human development or behavior can be developed by an individual’s culture, family, and community. During an individual’s life span, the foundation of human development begins to change, which is a direct result of an individual’s social environment. The diversity of the human population such as; a person’s cultural and ethnic background, can be understood by using the strength perspective. This method can help a human service professional to understand the client’s way of communicating, whether if they are using verbal and non-verbal gestures. As a human service professional develops and have an understanding of the client, they can become more skillful in the way that different cultures. The Bio-Psycho-Social Model of Human Behavior Simone Hoermann, Ph.D., Corinne E. Zupanick, Psy.D. & Mark Dombeck, Ph.D. The Connection between General Systems Theory and Social Order Systems theory  covers a broad range of theoretical and methodological practices across many disciplines. Generally, systems theory is concerned with the structure of complex systems, with a special emphasis about how parts relate to each other and to the whole system. In the social sciences, this usually means understanding how individuals relate to each other and to their society as a whole, and the effect that social pressures have on individuals. Social Work Social workers can hold a variety of different roles. What binds them together is a core concern for improving social conditions for individuals and promoting social justice. Applied Systems Theory Social workers employ systems theory in order to understand the dynamic interrelations between individuals, families, institutions and societies. Generally, they want to identify how a system functions, what aspects of that system have a negative impact on people and understand how they can cause positive change in that system. Individuals and Families On the micro level of social work, workers use systems theory to understand the dynamics, relationships and roles within families, and how these things affect individuals therein. For instance, they want to know that parents and children are taking upon their proper responsibilities, that parents are providing for the safety of their children and that these roles are stable and beneficial to everyone involved. General systems theory at a simple level can be defined as: elements, which are in exchange, and which are bounded. These components constitute a system, which functions or operates within a field or an environment. Elements can be virtually anything you wish to label as such, the exchanges are any relationships that exist between elements, and the boundary is what you can see, hear, feel, or sense that separates from the background or environment. â€Å"General Systems Theory: A Framework for Analysis and Social Change†Robert J. Gregory, Ph.D. School of Psychology by Smart, Barry 04/1999, ISBN 0761955178 Explain the concept of human diversity and cultural competence? One of the most predominant theories is Albert Bandura’s social learning theory, which assumes that. People learn through observing others’ behavior,  attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors which is called observational learning, that is an indirect form of learning known as vicarious learning and indirect forms of reinforcement which is called vicarious reinforcement .Bandura renamed SLT as social cognitive theory to accommodate the ever increasing importance in his thinking of cognitive factors .SLT has also been enriched by Bandura with his views about the effects of a person’s belief in their own effectiveness in specific situations also known as self –efficacy. According to Bandura, social learning involves a few factors such as, attention where the individual must pay attention to the model and must be able to remember the behavior they have observed so basically retention per se. The observer must be able to replicate the action and must have the motivation to demonstrate what they have learnt .Although motivation to imitate behavior of a model is quite complex. As certain factors have to be taken into consideration, the observer or learner must like the model and identify with the model, as humans tend to imitate people who are like themselves. An observer is more likely to imitate a model that is consistent across situations than someone who behaves in different ways depending on the situation. Also it has been argued by Bandura that people can learn from observing others, not necessarily experiencing the consequences of these actions, themselves. Throughout this essay a detailed account with appropriate reasoning and causes of SLT will be given. What is the importance of equality, diversity and recognizing rights in early year’s services? 1. Legal – having proper policies and procedures in place should prevent successful compensation payouts for proven discrimination. 2. Ethical – it’s morally right to want to provide equal treatment to all stakeholders, especially children and parents/guardians. 3. Social – children can learn to be better citizens in a culturally diverse society, if given the right orientation from the beginning. Why is equality and diversity important in a mental health profession? One could argue it isn’t and that best person should always be chosen regardless as It is mainly a political ideal. However in this case there may in fact be an argument for it as follows. it may be important for those suffering mental issues to feel they are part of a wider community and having a wide selection of diversity etc. (2013, 02). Explain the Social Learning Theory. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 02, 2013, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Explain-The-Social-Learning-Theory-1420930.html

Write your way to clinical excellence, Cardiology News - Emphasis

Write your way to clinical excellence, Cardiology News Write your way to clinical excellence, Cardiology News We sometimes learn as much from our failures as from our successes often more so. But if we simply move on and never communicate these lessons, the value of these lessons will always be limited. This is why communicating is key to creating a culture of best practice that helps you to set benchmarks for your hospital. If were not to limit that communication to a very small audience (those we can talk to), then that means written communication. These days more than ever, any written communication has to compete with the literally millions of other messages that bombard us every day. Professional communications compete with an endless stream of news and advertising messages for mental bandwidth. So to get your particular message across, your reports or emails need to be concise and clearly show your ideas and recommendations. Your colleagues need to be able to see that you have a definitive viewpoint. And any documents you write for patients need to be easy to understand. Time spent on this area should bring benefits beyond the harnessing and transfer of knowledge. As with most clichs, theres more than a grain of truth in the mantra that you need to publish or perish. Perfecting your writing skills will make it easier to turn your hard-won knowledge into scientific papers for the literature, in turn helping to cement your reputation as a leader in your field, both nationally and internationally. Yet the irony is that despite its importance, most clinicians have never been taught professional writing skills. In fact, using basic essay and report writing skills developed through academic study is akin to using GCSE biology to investigate sudden cardiac death. Good writing takes practice. And even the best writers sometimes get bogged down in the finer details of their research and fail to deliver the main messages of their work. The secret is to have a checklist of writing tools to keep you on track. If you consistently apply these techniques, youll transform your writing and in turn your ability to influence your patients and peers. Report writing made simple Many people see report writing as a chore, and put it off until the last minute. Then, faced with a looming deadline, they cobble together something that doesnt differentiate the key points from other information. In doing so, theyll probably focus more on the writing process than on the readers needs. Doubtless you rarely if ever have the luxury of time to set aside for thinking and preparing. But just sitting away from your PC and planning what you want to include and in what order can pay dividends. Focus on your reader Its vital to ascertain your readers level of knowledge when writing about it. Ask yourself the following questions: What is the document about? Who will read it? How much do they already know about the subject? What do they absolutely need to know? How important is the subject to them? How interested are they in the subject? Map out your ideas Decide what you want to include before you begin writing. (Do not be tempted to use the writing process to clarify your thoughts.) For longer, more complex documents, it often helps to write your topic in the middle of the page and use a mind map as a tool for brainstorming your ideas. Then use a pen to group together the ideas that have things in common. Next decide what order to put your groups in, starting with the most important group first. Cross out anything that is irrelevant to your reader: never be tempted to include information simply because you have it. And earmark non-essential detail for appendices. Dont be tempted to shortcut this process by creating lists on your computer instead. Using a pen and paper can help to keep your mind fresh. It encourages the creative process, as it helps you to link ideas rather than thinking in a linear fashion. The messier you are now, the more ordered your thinking will be later. Clarify your main message Now that youve decided what your most important idea is, your next task is to explore this in more detail. Take another sheet of paper and write the headings: What?, Where?, When?, How?, Why?, and Who? Keep writing down the answers to these questions until you get to the heart of what youre really trying to say. Then, with this main message in mind, decide on a final order for the rest of your points. Following this process will help you avoid the temptation to cram every idea or piece of data into your report. Its more important to have a clearly defined point of view than to give the reader value for money with a jam-packed document. Craft a compelling summary An executive summary should highlight your recommendations right at the top, with your reasons second. For example, if your report concludes that a type A personality is a huge risk factor for a cardiac arrest, this information needs to come first. The interesting finding that single men visit their GP less than married men is probably best left for the main body of the report unless you decide to make this your angle. The choice is yours, because the secret to great report writing is to have a definitive point of view, no matter what it is. Dont forget that the world is suffering from information overload, and if your readers fully digested every document sent to them, theyd find little time to do anything else. Even if your writing is impeccable, it will still compete for your readers attention with a mountain of other documents, including emails, texts and even Twitter updates. Keep this in mind with every sentence you write. A new scientific style To truly develop your writing style you need to bid farewell to the rules of academic writing. In universities and other educational institutions, the more knowledge, information and argument you display, the better the work is received. Its also standard practice to write in the passive voice. And its common to reach a conclusion only after a long period of argument and analysis. But it is possible for your work to be scientifically sound and compelling. You can use short sentences and paragraphs and still present a rigorous clinical review. And you dont need to use jargon all the time, even if you are communicating to colleagues (but see below). Question your use of language and make conscious decisions about your writing. Quick style tips Apply the following tips to every document your write to make sure your work is clear, concise and compelling. Avoid the passive voice Use the active voice, where possible. So instead of: advances in atrial fibrillation ablation have been made, write we have made advances in atrial fibrillation ablation. Using the words we, you and us, can also help you to connect with your readers. Make sentences short and sweet Keep your readers attention by using an average of 15-20 words in each sentence. Prune your sentences by going through your document and cutting out meaningless phrases and non-essential information. Choose simpler words over more complicated alternatives. When writing for the public, for example, its much better to write the phrase giving up smoking than smoking cessation. Put only one idea in each sentence The following sentence contains two separate ideas: Even though cardiologists play an important role in influencing the lifestyle choices of their patients, some experts are concerned that they need more focus in this work. Far better to split it in two: Cardiologists play an important role in influencing the lifestyle choices of their patients. Yet some experts are concerned that they need more focus in this work. Practise splitting up your ideas in this way to make your writing easy to read (and write, incidentally). Jargon is not the bogeyman Its perfectly acceptable to use jargon if youre sure that your readers will understand it. Your fellow medical professionals will instantly know what the following sentence means. A review of the epidemiological literature has identified that psychosocial factors contribute to the onset of cardiac disease. But it would probably bemuse the typical layperson. If in doubt, underestimate your readers level of knowledge. Avoid management speak In some workplaces, people have found it almost impossible to speak without using terms such as going forward, utilise and pre-prepare. But while these words may get bandied about in board rooms, dont be tempted to use them in documents. Instead of going forward write in the future; opt for use instead of utilise and remember that theres no such thing as preparing before you prepare. Ask yourself if what youre writing really makes sense, and dont be afraid to cull words and sentences if it doesnt. Beware of abbreviations Abbreviations are a great shortcut when you and your reader speak a common language. But dont forget that there may be acronyms and abbreviations that people outside your profession just wouldnt know. Find your flow If you find it difficult to get started, try writing in short bursts. Start by writing for 30 minutes and keep increasing this time until youre comfortable writing for up to two hours. Keep referring to your plan, and just aim to write very specific sections of information. No matter how long or short your final document, even squeezing in a 15-minute session can help you make progress. Check your facts It can be such a relief to finish a document that you forget to proofread it. But making simple spelling mistakes, typos and other errors can seriously undermine the validity of your work. Proofread extra slowly by stopping a pencil at each word to check that its accurate. And ask a colleague to do the same. Its easier for a fresh pair of eyes to spot any mistakes. The art of article writing Magazine articles are a powerful vehicle for communicating your ideas and opinions. There are lots of industry titles that you could contribute to including Cardiology News. Once youve fully brainstormed and planned what you want to include (see the steps above in the report writing made simple section) there are three principles to follow. Create a snappy headline The headline is the most important part of your article. Its the first thing people see and will determine whether or not they want to read on. So choose a striking headline. Patients celebrate return to health with alcohol and cigarettes is better than Adverse lifestyle trends remain one year after cardiac arrest. The first headline is more interesting as it clearly presents the irony of choosing an unhealthy lifestyle when youre lucky to be alive. Find an angle Using the headline above, you could outline examples of patients whove reverted to their unhealthy ways and explain how, why and when they did this. Include facts and statistics to back up your findings. And make sure your article contains a definitive viewpoint. Bite the bullet As with report writing, you need to focus on making things simple for your reader. Include lots of bullet points and subheadings and use the important words that your readers will be looking for. Becoming a recognised industry expert Writing well-received articles and reports lays the ground work for being recognised as a leading medical expert. Even if youre happy doing your day job with as little fanfare as possible, its still worth communicating with the media. Your articles can encourage other clinicians to adopt your best practice. And they give you the opportunity to extend to circle of influence to the general consumers by using your writing as a health promotion tool. Start close to home by suggesting article ideas to medical magazines. The best articles to position yourself as an expert are ones where you give a new insight into existing issues. You could present a new take on the prevalence of heart disease or outline how a new piece of government legislation will affect clinicians working lives. Send a synopsis of the article to the magazine first. Write a snappy headline and standfirst (the two lines under the headline). Then write an attention grabbing opening paragraph and a few bullet points about what your article will include. The magazines editor can then give you further guidelines on content and style. Letters to the editor An easy way to begin your media campaign is to comment on relevant industry stories by writing letters to the editor. Use the SCRAP formula to grab readers attention. The acronym stands for: situation, complication, resolution, action and politeness. Situation Begin by explaining the current situation (or where we are now). Complication Introduce the idea that theres a problem (why we cant stay here). Resolution State your resolution to the problem. The reader will perceive you as an expert because you have a ready-made way of fixing things. Action Suggest what action the reader can or should take. Offer a viewpoint that is new and intriguing. Politeness Finally, end with a polite, but thought provoking sign-off. As in any profession, there are frustrating days when patients seem Hell-bent on ignoring your advice, or hospital politics get the better of you. Good communication is a step to resolving these issues and learning to write clearly about them can help relieve your frustration. Developing your writing skills can even help you communicate better with your patients. The principles are the same: focusing on your patient, clarifying your main message and using words theyll understand. And when you start to view your communication skills as being as essential as your clinical skills; your new found abilities will begin to pay dividends. Robert Ashton is the Chief Executive of Emphasis. Want to write better documents? See our courses for individuals or our courses for groups. Alternatively, send us a message or call one of our friendly advisors on +44 (0)1273 732 888

Voting Rights Background for Students

Voting Rights Background for Students In any presidential election year, the months before the election afford middle and high school teachers a great opportunity to engage students in the new  The College, Career, and Civic Life (C3) Framework for Social Studies State Standards  (C3s)These new frameworks  center on guiding students in activities so that they can see how citizens apply civic virtues and democratic principles and have the opportunity to see actual civic engagement in the democratic process. Principles such as equality, freedom, liberty, respect for individual rights, and deliberation [that] apply to both official institutions and informal interactions among citizens. What Do Students Already Know About Voting in the United States? Before launching an election unit, poll students to see what they already know about the voting process. This can be done as a KWL,  or a chart that outlines what students already Know, Want to know, and what they Learned  after the unit is completed. Using this outline,  students can prepare to research a topic and use it to track information gathered along the way: â€Å"What do you already ‘know’ about this topic?†Ã‚   â€Å"What things do you ‘want’ to learn about the topic, so you can focus your research?† and   â€Å"What did you ‘learn’ from doing your research?† An Overview of K-W-L This KWL begins as a brainstorming activity. This can be done individually or in groups of three to five students. Generally, 5 to 10 minutes individually or 10 to 15 minutes for group work is appropriate. In asking for responses, set aside enough time to hear all responses. Some questions could be (answers below): How old must you be to vote?  What requirements are there for voting other than age?  When did citizens get the right to voteWhat are your state’s voting requirements?  Why do you think people vote?  Why do you think people choose not to vote? Teachers should not correct the responses if they are wrong; include any conflicting or multiple responses.  Review the list of responses and note any discrepancies which will let the teacher know where more information is needed. Tell the class that they will be referring back to their responses later in this and in upcoming lessons. History of Voting Timeline: Pre-Constitution Inform students that the highest law of the land, the Constitution, mentioned nothing about voting qualifications at the time of its adoption. This omission left voting qualifications up to each individual state and resulted in widely varying voting qualifications. In studying the election, students should learn the definition of the word  suffrage: Suffrage (n) the  right  to  vote,  especially  in  a  political  election. A timeline  of the history of voting rights is also helpful to share with students in explaining how the right to vote has been connected to citizenship and civil rights in America. For example: 1776: Only people who own land can vote when the Declaration of Independence signed.1787: No federal voting standard states decide who can vote when the U.S. Constitution is adopted. Voting Rights Timeline: Constitutional Amendments In preparation for any presidential election, students can review the following highlights that show how voting rights have been extended to different groups of citizens through six (6) suffrage amendments to the Constitution: 1868: 14th Amendment:  Citizenship is defined and granted to former slaves, but voters are explicitly defined as male.1870: 15th Amendment:  The right to vote cannot be denied by the federal or state governments based on race.1920: 19th Amendment:  Women have the right to vote in both state and federal elections.  1961: 23rd Amendment:  Citizens of Washington, D.C. have the right to vote for U.S. president.  1964: 24th Amendment:  The right to vote in federal elections will not be denied for failure to pay any tax.1971: 26th Amendment:  18-year-olds are allowed to vote. Timeline for Laws on Voting Rights 1857: In the landmark case Dred Scott v. Sandford, the US Supreme Court rules that â€Å"a black man has no rights a white man is bound to respect.† African Americans are further deprived of the right to citizenship and, by extension, the right to vote.1882: Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act, which establishes restrictions and quotas on Chinese immigration while legally excluding Chinese persons from citizenship and voting.  1924: The Indian Citizenship Act declares all non-citizen Native Americans born in the USA to be citizens with the right to vote.1965: The Voting Rights Act is signed into law, prohibiting any election practice that denies the right to vote to citizens on the basis of race and forces jurisdictions with histories of voter discrimination to  submit any changes to its election laws to the government for federal approval prior to taking effect.1993: The National Voter Registration Act requires states to permit mail-in registration, and make registr ation services available at DMVs, unemployment offices, and other state agencies. Questions About Researching Voting Rights Once students are familiar with the timeline of the Constitutional Amendments and the laws that provided the right to vote to different citizens, students can research the following questions: What were ways states denied certain people the right to vote?Why was each of the different laws on voting rights created?Why were specific Constitutional Amendments on voting necessary?Why do you think it took so many years for women to attain the right to vote?Which historical events contributed to each of the Constitutional Amendments?Are there any other qualifications necessary to vote?Are there citizens today that are denied the right to vote? Terms Associated With Voting Rights Students should become familiar with some of the terms associated with the history of voting rights and the language of the Constitutional Amendments: poll tax:  A poll or head tax is one imposed equally on all adults at the time of voting and is not affected by property ownership or income.literacy test: Literacy tests were used to keep people of color and, sometimes, poor whites from voting, and they were administered at the discretion of the officials in charge of voter registration.grandfather clause:  (or grandfather policy) A provision in which an old rule continues to apply to some existing situations while a new rule will apply to all future cases.  residency: Voting residence is within the state of legal residence or domicile. It is the true, fixed address that is considered a permanent home and a physical presence.  Jim Crow Laws:  The segregation and disenfranchisement laws known as Jim Crow represented a formal, codified system of racial apartheid that dominated the American South for three-quarters of a century beginning in the 1890s.  Equal Rights Amendment: (ERA) a proposed amendment to  the  United   States  Constitution  designed to guarantee  equal rights for women.   In 1978, a joint resolution of Congress extended the ratification deadline to June 30, 1982, but no further states ratified the amendment. Several organizations continue to work for the adoption of the ERA. New Questions for Students Teachers should have students return to their KWL charts and make any necessary corrections. Teachers can then have students use their research on laws and specific Constitutional Amendments to answer the following new questions: How does your new knowledge of suffrage amendments change or support your earlier answers?After nearly 150 years of voting rights being added to the Constitution, can you think of any other group that has not been considered?What questions do you still have about voting? Review Founding Documents The new C3 Frameworks encourage teachers to look for civic principles in texts such as the founding documents of the United States. In reading these important documents, teachers can help students understand different interpretations of these documents and their meanings: What claims are made?What evidence is used?  What language (words, phrases, images,  Ã‚  symbols) is used to persuade  the documents audienceHow does the documents language indicate  a particular point of view?   The following links will take students to founding documents associated with voting and citizenship. Declaration of Independence: July 4, 1776.  Ã‚  The Second Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia in the Pennsylvania State House (now Independence Hall), approved this document  severing the colonies ties to the British Crown. United States Constitution: The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme law of the United States. It is the source of all government powers, and also provides important limitations on the government that protect the fundamental rights of United States citizens.  Delaware was the first state to ratify, December 7, 1787; the Confederation Congress established March 9, 1789, as the date to begin operating under the Constitution.   14th Amendment:  Passed by Congress June 13, 1866, and ratified July 9, 1868,   extended liberties and rights granted by the Bill of Rights to former slaves. 15th Amendment:  Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870,   granted African American men the right to vote. 19th Amendment:  Passed by Congress June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920,   granted women the right to vote. Voting Rights Act:  This act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. 23th Amendment:  Passed by Congress June 16, 1960. Ratified March 29, 1961;  giving residents of the District of Columbia (DC) the right to have their votes counted in presidential elections. 24th Amendment:  ratified on January 23, 1964, was passed to address the poll tax, a state fee on voting. Student Answers to Questions Above How old must you be to vote?   In the United States,  twenty-one states permit 17-year-olds to vote in  primary elections  and caucuses if they will be 18 by election day.   What  requirements  are there for voting other than age?   You are a U.S. citizen.You meet your state’s residency requirements. When did citizens get the right to vote? The  United States Constitution  did not originally define who was eligible to vote; Amendments have extended rights to various groups. Student answers will vary on the following questions: What are your state’s voting requirements?  Why do you think people vote?  Why do you think people choose not to vote?

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF TUALATIN CITY FROM A HUMAN RESOURCE PERSPECTIVE Essay

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Ethics in research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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