The Effect of the Social Context of Scientific Work on the...

The Effect of the Social Context of Scientific Work on the Methods and Findings of Science The world society is in a constant state of fluidity regarding everything from social customs and slang to technology and inventions. With even more abundance, scientific understanding and questioning evolve as time progresses. As the human race changes and grows, scientific knowledge of the world and universe must expand to accommodate the growth. To a large extent, the social situations surrounding the scientific work affect the specific sciences that are investigated. Historically, the use of science to explain natural phenomenon has existed for many centuries. Ancient establishments such as†¦show more content†¦Oftentimes, the types of scientific research performed are those that supply information needed in a particular societal context. If a certain epidemic breaks out in an area, for example, scientists may gear their research toward the cure for the illness. On a much larger scale lies the example of the historically, socially, and scientifically significant experimentation revolving around both space exploration and the creation of the atomic bomb. During the Cold War, the U.S. and Russia both strived to be the leading country in space exploration. When the Russians released Sputnik, John F. Kennedy decided it was crucial to surpass Russian abilities; in the early 1960’s he pledged that a man would land on the moon within a decade. JFK, and later President Johnson, knew that having a U.S. astronaut land on the moon would stir self-esteem and nationalism into the American mind. Aware of this, it was only right to avidly pursue scientific research in this field. A similar example, the researching of atomic weapons, demonstrates how societal emotion and reason had a hand in the study of the atomic bomb. In the heated times of WWII, the most powerful nations involved in the conflict became a part of a cutthroat arms race. America knew thatShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Climate on Suicide Rates Essay examples1502 Words   |  7 Pagesbe related to suicide rates could meaningfully shape interventions as climate changes become more widespread, persistent, irreversible, and significant. The dominant scientific way of thinking about the effect of climate on suicide rates primarily includes the idea that climate factors probably mediate psychological and social variables that themselves influence suicidal tendency. While few thinkers contend that climate is a major or primary proximal cause in suicides, the degree and nature ofRead MoreThe Strengths and Weaknesses of the Scientist Practioner Approach1241 Words   |  5 Pagesboth a scientific and practical approach within their framework and training model. In his applied scientific theory, Shappiro (1985) viewed research and practice as being integrated, not dichotomised. He outlined the three features of what he believed to make up the scientist-practitioner role: 1. All findings of general psychology should be applied to the field of mental health. 2. It is imperative that all methods of assessment used are scientifically validated and 3. All clinical work conductedRead MoreHow Do We Know and What We Know? Essay734 Words   |  3 Pagesshapes what we see and what we know. One acquires language, with a social environment, one learns to use different sorts of language in different situations. Vocabulary and speech pattern between friends or relatives may be informal and familiar whereas communication with someone of different generation, class or age group is likely to be specific to the particular relationship, place or moment. Knowledge is shaped by social institution and by the power groups and individuals to influence theRead MoreFeminist Perspectives On Gender And Science, Why Engage Genomics? Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesFeminist approaches to gender and science, why engage genomics? The salience of genomics in current discussions of gender and sex is what makes the domain of genomics a point of feminist concern. Historically, science tends to support popular views of sex and gender due to pressures on scientists to produce empirical data that can be interpreted to support or â€Å"prove† current societal views as correct. Feminists, philosophers and other critical thinkers cannot afford to leave genetics to the geneticists;Read MoreThe Effects Of Mass Communication On A Critical Branch Of Sociological Thought From 20th Century Social Thought1262 Words   |  6 Pagesof the intellectual inheritance of cognitive behaviourism from 20th century social thought, I now want to turn my attention to a critical branch of sociological thought from the same period to assist in analysing this set of ideas. C. Wright Mills worked in the immediate post war period as a research assistant to Elihu Katz and Paul Lazarsfeld’s research on the media effects of mass c ommunication. The majority of their work sought to understand the persuasive influence of mediated messages in printRead MoreSociological Exploration Or Research Is A Complex Process1333 Words   |  6 PagesJennifer Wilson Intro to Sociology Professor Hartley Essay #2 Essay#2 Sociological exploration or research is a complex process. At what time a scientist attempts to figure out the way the natural world works, he will utilize experiments to search for the cause and effect. In other words, they construct an experiment so they can observe or evaluate any change in one entity and cause another to vary in a repetitive way. When things change within an experiment they are called variables. A â€Å"variable†Read MorePositivism And Positivist Two Approaches Of Interpreting Social Reality1381 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches of interpreting social reality, that each employ different methods of research and data collection to better help understand the study of human lived experiences. The positivist-interpretivist debate revolves around the ways in which human behavior should be conceptualized and studied (Pruss 1996: 4). Positivism is the most widely practiced research approach in social science, which regards the nature of social reality of indep endent of consciousness. Positivists believe social reality can be studiedRead MoreConcepts And Assumptions While Conducting Research1425 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the origin of mixed methods approaches could be traced back to the 1950s, it did not bring too much influence to the dominant research paradigms until the publication of Tashakkori and Teddlie’s work the Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research in 2003. From then on, mixed methods began to come to stage and have been implemented by researchers in social and educational fields. Quantitative Research Methodology Quantitative research investigates social phenomenon through theRead MoreDoes Research Design Affect Study Outcomes in Criminal Justice?1337 Words   |  5 PagesPart 1 Weisburd, D., Lum, C., Petrosino, A. (2001). Does Research Design Affect Study Outcomes in Criminal Justice? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 578 (1): 50-70. Within social science, as well as pure research, there seems to be a continual and ongoing debate about qualitative and quantitative research. Some take the view that, All research ultimately has a qualitative grounding, while others believe Theres no such thing as qualitative data. Everything isRead MoreSocial Psychology Psy 400757 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Psychology Dawn S. Peck PSY 400 12/22/2014 David Brueshoff Social Psychology What is Social Psychology all about? Why is the study of it so important? Is there truly a purpose and benefit from the findings of the studies? Let’s look at each of these questions, break them down, and try to make sense of it all. Simply defined, Social Psychology is the scientific study of individual attitude and how it effects or influences others in a social context. It is helpful

Walt Disney And Steve Jobs - 1458 Words

Throughout many generations of remarkable feats the late Walt Disney and Steve Jobs are two men who were influential to their eras. Both gentleman had tremendous capabilities that surpassed the average person. Their creativity allowed them to dream big, but even better they made dreams a reality. Walt Disney and Steve Jobs had many things in common, such as aspects of imagination. However, the two men were from different time periods. Disney was born in 1901 in Chicago, while Jobs was born in 1955 in San Francisco. Both men were molded by two different eras, where Disney was generally more formal, wore a suit and had a conservative businessman personality of the 1920’s , while Jobs demonstrated the fast-paced, shirt and jeans, over-optimistic mentality during the dawn of the technology period of the 1960s throughout the 21st century. They also deviated in their different managerial styles, had many diverging ideas about creative endeavors, and also differed in the beliefs of w hat their esteemed audiences and customers desired and deserved. But, beyond their visionary concepts, both gentlemen shared an aspect that would link them and their legacies into the fabric of American business and culture: Failure. By encountering failures throughout their lives, Disney and Jobs’, were able to cultivate a mentality to push beyond the ordinary. Before Disney’s Mickey Mouse, he would first have to lose the rights to Oswald and his other cartoons. Jobs’ would first encounter failureShow MoreRelatedThe Most Important Characteristics Of A Leader Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant characteristics of a leader is their imagination. 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In the case of the Walt Disney Company, although the company had conflict within the organization, this did not hinder its competitivenessRead MoreInnovate the Pixar Way1279 Words   |  6 PagesProducts: feature films, short-films, animations, commercials, softwares Key people: †¢ Ed Catmull, President,Walt Disney Animation Studios Pixar Animation Studios †¢ John Lasseter, Chief Creative Officer, Walt Disney Animation Studios Pixar Animation Studios †¢ Steve Jobs, former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios and member of the Board of Directors at The Walt Disney Company Owner: The Walt Disney Company (since 2006) About the book INNOVATE THE PIXAR WAY (2010) by Bill Capodagli and Lynn Jackson †¢Read MoreInnovate the Pixar Way1285 Words   |  6 PagesProducts: feature films, short-films, animations, commercials, softwares Key people: †¢ Ed Catmull, President,Walt Disney Animation Studios Pixar Animation Studios †¢ John Lasseter, Chief Creative Officer, Walt Disney Animation Studios Pixar Animation Studios †¢ Steve Jobs, former CEO of Pixar Animation Studios and member of the Board of Directors at The Walt Disney Company Owner: The Walt Disney Company (since 2006) About the book INNOVATE THE PIXAR WAY (2010) by Bill Capodagli and Lynn Jackson Read MorePixar Of Pixar Animation Studios1106 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals, was spun out as a corporation in February 1986 with investment by Steve Jobs shortly after he was fired from Apple (4). Jobs paid $5 million to George Lucas for technology rights and put them and $5 million cash as capital into the company. Pixar revenue has been doubled significantly during 1995 to 2003 especially after releasing Toy Story series. The significant milestone in Pixar history was when Walt Disney acquired the company by 5.7 billion dollar. In This paper, strategic decisionsRead MoreMerger Between Walt Disney and Pixar1070 Words   |  5 Pagesthat choice to compare and contrast. While researching the information on Disney and Pixar, I came across some differences between Steve Jobs and Michael Eisner regarding how the two companies will work together. Going through the articles that I have read through they all show that Disney and Pixar has always been competing against each other on who can make the best animated motion picture. Here is a little history Disney has always been about producing animated features and live-action movies andRead MoreDisney996 Words   |  4 PagesAnimation. The book, about the making of the Disney animated film Sleeping Beauty, proved to be a revelation for Lasseter. He discovered that people could earn a living by developing cartoons. Lasseter started writing letters to The Walt Disney Company Studios regarding his interest in creating cartoons. Studio representatives, who corresponded with Lasseter many times, told him to get a great art education, after which they would teach him animation. When Disney started a Character Animation ProgramRead MoreThe Conflicts And Politics Of Walt Disney1323 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscord which arises as a result of the opposition of needs and interests between the employees who are working together. The various conflicts and politics which affected Walt Disney in the past were caused by the falling company under the management of Michael Eisner. 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Analysis Of The Movie Casablanca - 1826 Words

Intro – Casablanca, first released on January 23rd, 1943 is undoubtedly one of the masterpieces of Classical Hollywood film. Written and released in the midst of World War Two it explores themes such as love, desire and especially sacrifice. Although the love story of the protagonists is the cause and catalyst for most of the narrative, one would not necessarily associate it with the conventional Classical Hollywood love story. Rather as a fabula based on the principle of the importance of sacrifice in order to overcome a common enemy, in this case the Nazis. Casablanca does indeed contain many of the common characteristics identified with the Classical Hollywood film. An example being the the way director, Michael Curtiz used a mainly chronologically ordered narrative structure and the utilisation of a Cause and Effect chain. In this essay I will looking at the various ways I believe this film does fall into the criteria of a Classical Hollywood narrative and also how some could perceive th at it does not. From the opening sequence one can establish that Casablanca obeys the elementary principles used in the Classical Hollywood narrative structure. In the initial minutes of the film the audience is introduced via a voice over of the various political happenings prior to the films start such as Hitler’s occupation of Europe and the surge of refugees who fled the Nazi’s to Casablanca. The use of narration presents the audience with a simple introduction which the rest ofShow MoreRelatedReflection Of Casablanca1282 Words   |  6 Pagesof the films from this term, Casablanca (Curtiz, 1942) and North by Northwest (Hitchcock, 1959) will carry the bulk of the essay. Though, I will also be discussing how this class changed the way I saw a movie just a few weeks ago. Casablanca’s script and acting are of particular caliber, and North by Northwest unfortunately does not deliver with the dialogue and casting of lead actor Cary Grant. Though, overall, they both have merit wh en discussing films. Casablanca is, in my mind, the best classicRead MoreBattle of Britain Essay4211 Words   |  17 PagesBattle of Britain This film is about the Battle of Britain during World War II. It happened in 1940. This movie was made 29 years later in 1969. The Nazis tried to invade Britain. The Royal Air Force of Britain fought a grave battle against the Nazis to prevent the invasion. Most of the fighting was in the air. There were lots of fighting scenes between the German planes and the RAF and their allies. This film is pretty realistic. I thought that the air battles were pretty realisticRead MoreFilm Analysis : The Power Of Vertigo1774 Words   |  8 PagesFilm Analysis 1: The Power of Vertigo I remember watching Vertigo for the first time back when I was still very young, but at the time, I didn t really understand anything about the movie. As I watched it again as I grew older, I learned to appreciate how great this movie really is and the special narrative style that the movie presented. Vertigo, to me, was always known as Alfred Hitchcock s best film. Most of Hitchcock’s well-known films like Psycho or North by Northwest have unique title sequencesRead MoreAn Analysis of P.S. I Love You Essay3118 Words   |  13 PagesRunning Head: P.S. I LOVE YOU 1 An Analysis of P.S. I Love You Tammy McDaniel ENG 225 Jonathan Beller August 15, 2011 P.S. I LOVE YOU 2 An Analysis of P.S. I Love You The 2007 film, P.S. I Love You, is a film about learning to let go and move on with your life after the death of a spouse. The Film stars Hilary Swank, Million Dollar Baby and Gerard Butler, 300. It also stars Lisa Kudrow as Denise, Gina Gershon as Sharon, JamesRead MoreThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pages1920, Adolph Zukor, head of Paramount Pictures, over the decade of the 1920s helped to fashion Hollywood into a vertically integrated system, a set of economic innovations which was firmly in place by 1930. For the next three decades, the movie industry in the United States and the rest of the world operated by according to these principles. Cultural, social and economic changes ensured the demise of this system after the Second World War. A new way to run Hollywood was Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagessituations, but keep in mind that the larger case studies, such as Convin Corporation and The Blue Spider Project, could have been listed under several topics. Several of the cases and situations have seed questions provided to assist the reader in the analysis of the case. An instructor s manual is available from John Wiley Sons, Inc., to faculty members who adopt the book for classroom use. Almost all of the case studies are factual. In most circumstances, the cases and situations have been taken from

Qualitative Studies In Information Systems â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Qualitative Studies In Information Systems? Answer: Introducation According to the below conducted research, the fact has been observed that the process merging of business activities with the strategic planning process develops the organizational structure. All such activities are processed in the organization so as to attain the organizational objective. The process also helps the organization in bringing changes in the organization according to the fluctuations present in the external environment. The mechanism of the strategic information system was started by Amrollahi, Ghapanchi and Najaftorkaman, (2014) so that the companies can attain a competitive edge in the market by making use of such techniques. The term strategic information system has also been mention in the outcomes of information technology system. Accounting information system assists the organization into initiate functions efficiently by using technology. Further, the importance and use of this system in an organization are discussed in the below mentioned analysis. Organizational structure According to the research conducted by Greenblat, E, (2015), it has been stated that Wesfarmers company has been initiating their business practices according to the conglomerate structure which has been offered through association. This structure of the organization is initiated by adjoining two or more companies in private corporate business form. This amalgamation process builds up by allocating substances, including a private parent company and other holding subsidiaries of the same parent company. Although according to the organizational structure of Wesfarmers, the company explains that they focus on the expansion process. Further, the company also focuses on multi industry corporate structure which is regarded as a hierarchical structure of multination corporates (Ali, Miller, 2017). The company Wesfarmers being a smart company placed itself in the correct target market; apart from that they also purchased the quality association by connecting costs with the output of the com pany. Thus, it shall be noticed that with the adoption of this organizational structure, the business entity is working efficiently by decreasing risk and increasing their stake in the global market through partnering with various firms. So, in this way, the organization structure of the company is helping the company to achieve satisfaction (Carvalho, Guerrini, 2017). Operation issue As per the research executed by Treadgold, T, (2016) the facts that came into accounts is that the company is facing issues in their organizational system which is raising worry for the investors as well. The earning of the company Wesfarmers was solely depending upon the retail business process and majorly on products like food and alcohol division of Coles, due to which the other products of the business process started losing their significance. Another issue which appeared in the organizational structure due to adopting the hierarchical structure is that, although the size of the company expanded with this effect the administration process became ineffective. As it is known that to manage a large scale business, more efficiency is required by the management of the company also new technology shall also be implemented in the business to gain the competitive edge. But the previous business process was facing the issue in above mentioned cases. Apart from there were a few benefits o f this business structure such as tax reduction, reduction in managerial activities etc. (Erazo, Arboleda, Pino, 2017). System Acquisition Method The process of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an instrument which is coined as business process management software. This process shall be used by the management of the Wesfarmers so that all the issues in the management of the company shall be resolved. The ERP system will help the company in increasing its efficiency of the corporate, as the process is made by combining different application and applying in the organization system. With this initiation of this ERP system in the organization will help the company to execute accuracy in the system and adopt effectiveness in the organizational culture (Garg, et. al., 2017). Further, this system shall be considered as the best suited for the working of the Wesfarmers business process. Also, implementation of ERP will allow the company in processing the automation process in numerical operations and functionalities will be achievable by the company. Also, the effectiveness of the back office management and technological implementation will improve with the initiation of this process (Gonzlez-Benito, Venturini, Gonzlez-Benito, 2017). The above mentioned flow chart shows the sales outcomes of the Wesfarmers Company. Further, the process is divided into various sections which discussed below: The initial stage of the flow chart includes the process of finding new customers and initiating an investigation on the important and valuable aspects of the organization. Further, the request of this phase is transferred to the next level. The request sheet of the company includes the mission and vision statement along with the primary obligation of the business process (Xu, 2017). The assessment shall include the process through which the adequate product is placed in front of the prospective buyer. This will help the company in delegating the sales and initiating the flow of goods as well. Also from this process, sale of all products will get enabled. Following to it, the most important task of the system is to attract the customers by placing the product in front of them. This process will generate greater sales and initiate strong customer relationship as well (Jinno, Abe, Iizuka, 2017). The stage two comprises of the approach which shall be introduced by the company for the customers. Fulfillment of the objective of the organization shall be accumulated through an adequate tactic invented by the company. Also, it is mandatory for the sales representative to have decent knowledge about the company product and services. Most of the techniques used by business process ought to get the slump in the competitive market due to not having an adequate closure. Thus it is mandatory for the company to outrage the demand of the customers by driving the process in the right direction. Lastly, the final step includes follow-up of the corrective methodology implement by the management of the organization (Sarker, Xiao, Beaulieu, 2013). Control problems The frauds which can attract the process of the company is that many times just to earn incentives, the suppliers of raw material which has been selected by the warehousing manager. They order more than required inventory which is not required in production. They can also hike the price while ordering it. So this is the aspect which the company shall overlook while conducting the ERP system (Webb, 2017). Adopting and designing of accounting software Accounting software is an application designed for the business process, which can help them fully utilize and increase its efficiency in an organization. It helps the organization to surpass the orthodox manual recording process and implement effective techniques to record transactions and create books of accounting. Talking about the accounting procedures like ledger accounting, trial balance, cash flow statement etc. are some task which the operations division has to perform, so for these purposes, the management can make use of the ERP software. This will initiate accuracy and effectiveness in the management system. Apart from that, it will also assist the Wesfarmers Company to design the plan for the future outcomes of the organization. The RealitySoftware, (2017), stated that such accounting procedure helps the company to bifurcate the activities of different sections of the Wesfarmers Company. This system of accounting provides assistance to the organization in planning, maintaining, optimizing and implementing the process. This approach of ERP system is developed by combining different models which are efficient in its working with some specific sections dealing in as well. Further, these accounting operations are: Accounts Payable: Money owned recorded by Wesfarmers Accounts Receivable: recording of payment and billing of dues General Ledger: recording to entries which are done by the company Current market size According to the survey conducted by au.finance.yahoo, (2017), the facts that came into accounts is that the business process of Wesfarmers is already placed at the top most position in the market and it also gains the advantage of being a multinational corporation. The below presented data explains the key aspects of the company Wesfarmers in financial terms: An increase was remarked in the revenue of the company, it was 4.3% to $34.5 billion in the previous accounting year. The dividend of the company was declared to be $1.03 (13.2 in per cent). Apart from that the profits also increased to $1.6 billion (.au.finance.yahoo, 2017). The company placed on the top position in the target market of Australia are Wesfarmers (Coles) and Woolworths. These are those firms which make amendments in the industry. The fact has been noticed from last five decades that the business of the company Wesfarmers is growing and its current market size is 35%. Also, the company is sustainably initiating its activities in the global market. Leader who have attained competitive edge As per the survey conducted in the market, the fact that came into existence is that the CEO of the Wesfarmers Company is known as one of the most commendable experts present in the market till date. Apart from that Richard Goyder even took a major step to lead an efficient change in the management. Further the results of such initiation can be clearly seen with the growth of the Wesfarmers Company (Peppard, Ward, 2016). The leaders of Wesfarmers organization namely Rob Scott who is the current Deputy Chief Executive Officer also assisted the company with their effective leadership skills to grace the target market. With the support of such dignitaries the company aced the target market and achieved the competitive edge in the industry. Also, there are many other people who have placed themselves and their company efficiently in the target market, for instance, Steve jobs used innovative marketing technique to sell their products in the target market (Harris, Schultz, 2016). Current gaps and challenges in accounting software The gap in the ERP system software is that it is tough to maintain. The software is not easily understandable by all the co-workers of the organization, due to which they face difficulty in carrying their regular day to day business activity. Apart from that, the system software is installed in the management of the organization so that efficiency of the management can be increased, but due to the inefficiency of the management, it became difficult to utilize the given resources of the organization (Gupta, et. al., 2017). Thus, in the limelight of the above mentioned events, the fact that shall be noted is that Wesfarmers Ltd is a well-known brand. The company has already established its brand image efficiently in the market. The company placed itself in many sectors of the supermarket industry. The aforementioned view provides ERP system implementation in the management of Wesfarmers Company. This method will help the company achieving the competitive advantage in the market. References .au.finance.yahoo, (2017), Yahoo finance, Assessed on 12th September 2017, https://au.finance.yahoo.com/quote/WES.AX/analysts?p=WES.AX Ali, M., Miller, L. (2017). ERP System Implementation in Large Enterprises-A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 30(4). Carvalho, H. L., Guerrini, F. M. (2017). Reference model for implementing ERP systems: an analytical innovation networks perspective. Production Planning Control, 28(4), 281-294. Erazo, J., Arboleda, H., Pino, F. J. (2017, September). Analysis of the Software Implementation Process for ERP Systems. In Colombian Conference on Computing (pp. 297-312). Springer, Cham. Garg, P., Garg, P., Khurana, R., Khurana, R. (2017). Applying structural equation model to study the critical risks in ERP implementation in Indian retail. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 24(1), 143-162. Gonzlez-Benito, ., Venturini, W. T., Gonzlez-Benito, J. (2017). CRM Technology: Implementation Project and Consulting Services as Determinants of Success. International Journal of Information Technology Decision Making, 16(02), 421-441. Gupta, S., Gupta, S., Misra, S. C., Misra, S. C., Singh, A., Singh, A., ... Kumar, U. (2017). Identification of challenges and their ranking in the implementation of cloud ERP: A comparative study for SMEs and large organizations. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 34(7), 1056-1072. Harris, R., Schultz, T. (2016). Teaching ERP Implementation with Microsoft Dynamics Sure Step. Proceedings of DYNAA, 7(1). Jinno, H., Abe, H., Iizuka, K. (2017). Consideration of ERP Effectiveness: From the Perspective of ERP Implementation Policy and Operational Effectiveness. Information, 8(1), 14. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016). The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Realitysoftware, (2017), Accounting software development, Assessed on 12th September 2017, https://www.realitysoftware.ca/services/software-development/accounting/ Sarker, S., Xiao, X., Beaulieu, T. (2013). Qualitative studies in information systems: a critical review and some guiding principles. MIS quarterly, 37(4), iii-xviii. Webb, M., (2017). Avoid The Four Most Common Mistakes of Sales Process Mapping. Viewed on September 25, 2017 from https://www.isixsigma.com/tools-templates/process-mapping/avoid-four-most-common-mistakes-sales-process-mapping/ Xu, H. (2017). What SMEs need to focus on in order to obtain benefits of ERP systems?.